tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37169090541484104882024-03-28T20:29:10.165-07:00Karma99Milanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11569819549234735858noreply@blogger.comBlogger20125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-28594390441904276412024-03-16T01:09:00.000-07:002024-03-23T00:42:43.927-07:00Teach Nepali to your kids<p>This page will contain useful resources for you to teach Nepali language (reading skills) to your kids. Useful for Nepali parents living outside of Nepal. </p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1As1pW9HR6wxU0xBuijmZ1fxYN9WhvoEUpvTZsqyB3vU/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Karma Level 1 - Alphabet </a> </p><p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ujbZKY8ahjREv8skuGO1V3k6iUgxEKWGauzKS7Daj1g/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Karma Level 2 - Easy words</a></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1p8XMxD9xd6vq6ZystQE6zs4j1m8LsAs24n1p7ZF7RKU/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Karma Level 3 - Complex words</a></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">~~ More coming ~~</p>Milanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11569819549234735858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-17970553566047572792024-02-08T21:57:00.000-08:002024-02-08T23:46:22.084-08:00List of important shiva temples worldwide <p><b>NEPAL</b></p><p>*Pashupatinath Temple, Kathmandu</p><p>*Doleshwor Mahadev, Bhaktapur (believed to be the head part of Kedarnath temple, India)</p><p>*Haleshi Mahadev, Khotang</p><span><a name='more'></a></span><p><b>12 Jyotirlinga in INDIA</b></p>*Kedarnath Temple (केदारनाथ ), Uttarakhand<br />*Kashi Vishwanath Temple (Vishwanath Jyotirlinga), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh<br />*Somnath Temple (Dwadash Jyotirlinga), Gujarat<br />*Nageshwara Jyotirlinga, Dwarka, Gujarat <br />*Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh<br />*Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga, Mamaleshwar temple, Madhya Pradesh<br />*Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga, Shri Vaijnath Temple, Parli, Maharashtra<br />Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga, Baidyanath Temple, Deoghar, Jharkhand<br />Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga, Baijnath Temple, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh<br />*Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga (Dakinyam), Bhimpur, Odisha<br />Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga, Pune, Maharasthra<br />*Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga (त्रिम्बकेश्वर), Nasik, Maharashtra<br />*Grushneshwar Jyotirlinga (घृष्णेश्वर ज्योतिर्लिंग), Maharashtra<br />*Mallikarjuna Jyotirlingaa, Andhra Pradesh <br />*Ramanathaswamy Temple (Ramalingeswarar Jyotirlinga), Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu<br /><br /><br /><div><div><b>Char Dham</b></div><div><br /></div><div><div>(1)Badrinath (Vishnu)-Kedarnath Jyotirlinga (SHIVA), Uttarakhand </div></div><div><div>(2)Jaganath-Puri (Krishna), Orissa</div><div>(3)Dwarka (Krishna), (Dwarkadhish temple), Gujarat</div></div><div>(4)Rameshwaram, (Ramalingeswarar Jyotirlinga) (SHIVA), Tamil Nadu</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Other</b></div><div><br /></div>*Uthirakosamangai (Mangalanatha Swamy temple), Tamil Nadu. (Build 1000 BC)<br />*Vishwas Swaroopam (2022), Nathdwara, Rajasthan (world's tallest Shiva statue) <br />*Murdeshwar, Karnataka (world's second tallest Shiva statue)<br />*Lingaraja Temple, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.<br />*Amarnath Cave Temple (J&K)</div><div><br /></div><div><b>TIBET</b></div><div>Kailash Mansarovar </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>Milanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11569819549234735858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-38587312386077674272023-03-17T01:32:00.011-07:002023-05-10T10:58:14.048-07:00Nepali native units of measurements <p></p><p style="margin: 0px;">This post lists all measurement units used in Nepal.<span></span></p><a name='more'></a><p></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">for Land Area measurement</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><b>* Terai region (flatlands)</b>:</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Dhur (धुर) = 16.93 m² = 182.25 sq.ft.</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 <span class="il">Kattha</span> (कठ्ठा) = 20 Dhur = 338.63 m² = 3645 sq foot</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Bigha (बिघा) = 20 <span class="il">kattha</span> = 6,772.63 m² = 72,900 sq foot </p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Bigha= 13.31 Ropani (in Pahad) = 0.677 hector = 1.67 Acre (एकड)</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span><span style="background-color: white;"><b>* Hill and Mountainous region: </b></span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Daam (दाम) = 21.39 Sq ft = 1.985 sq m</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Paisa (पैसा) = 4 Daam = 85.56 Sq ft = 7.94 m²</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Aana (आना) = 4 Paisa = 16 Daam = 342.25 sq ft = 31.79 m²</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Ropani (रोपनी) = 16 Aana = 64 Paisa = 5476 sq feet = 508.74 m² = 0.05 hector = 4 muri</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Ropani = 4 Matomuri</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Matomuri = 0.25 ropani = 0.13 hector</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Khetmuri = 25 Ropani</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 khet = 1.3 hector</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">for length measurement</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Angul = approx. 0.75 inch</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Dharnugrah (bow grip) = 4 Angul = 3 in</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Dhanurmushti (fist with thumb raised) = 8 angul = 6 in</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Vittaa (span) = 12 angul = 9 in</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Haat = 2 Bhitta = 1.5 ft</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Danda = 4 Haat = 6 ft</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Janjir = 9 Haat</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Kos or Gorut = 2000 dand = 4000 yards = 2.25 miles = 3.7 km</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 Yojan = 4 kos = 9 miles = 14.5 km</p><div><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">for Grain (Dry eg Rice, Paddy) measurement</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 muthi = 1/10 mana</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 mana = 0.5682 liter = ~ 0.454kg rice (chamal) = ~ 0.3 kg rough rice (dhaan)</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 kuruwa = 2 mana</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 paathi = 4 kuruwa = 8 mana = 152 cubic inch* = 4.54596 liter (measurement act 1968)</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 muri = 20 paathi</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">10 muthi = 1 mana</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">2 mana = 1 kuruwa</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">4 Kuruwa = 1 pathi</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">20 pathi = 1 muri</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p></div><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">for gold measurement</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 gm = 8.573 lal</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 aana = 6.25 laal</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 tola = 16 anna = 100 laal = 11.66 grams</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">for other weight</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 chatak = 4.5 tola = 58.31 gm</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 pau (पाउ)= 4 chatak</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 seer = 0.9331 kg (terai)</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 seet = 0.80 (hill)</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 dharni (धार्नि) = 2 bisauli (बिसौलि) = 4 bodi (बोड़ि) = 12 pau = 2.3325 kg = 5.142 pounds = 2½ seer</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 palla = 2 dharni = approx 5 kg</p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;">1 maund = 37.3242 kg</p>Milanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11569819549234735858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-83637194267543695112019-12-14T10:48:00.006-08:002021-03-24T20:15:35.102-07:00English-Nepali Medical TerminologiesThis post intends to list medical terminologies in English and its respective Nepali translation. Use Ctrl+F or Command+F in mac to find your word.<br />
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<b>Symptoms (Laxan, लक्षण), Vitals</b><br />
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Fever, pyrexia, hyperthermia: Jwaro (ज्वरो)<br />
Headache, cephalgia: Tauko dukhnu (टाउको दुख्नु)<br />
Pain: Dukhai (दुखाइ)<br />
Inflammation/Edema/Swelling: Sunninu/fulnu (सुन्निनु) <br />Infection: Sankraman (संक्रमण)<br />
Allergy/Anaphylaxis: Allergy (एलर्जी)<br />
Wound/Ulceration/Erosion: Ghaau (घाउ)<br />
Abscess/Suppuration/Pus collection: Peep jamma hunu (पीप जम्मा हुनु)<br />
Effusion: Paani jamma hunu (पानी जम्मा हुनु)<br />
Tumor/Growth/Papilloma: Gaantho/Girkho (गांठो/गिर्खो)<br />
Cyst, Blister: Foka (फोका), Bimira (बिमिरा)<br />
Infarction/Necrosis/Gangrene: Marnu (मर्नु)<br />
Acute: Tibra (तीव्र)<br />
Chronic: Purano (पुरानो), Dirg rog (दीर्घ रोग)<br />
Jaundice/Yellowish: Pahelo (पहेलो), Pahelpitt (पहेल पित्त)<br />
Pallor: Fikka (फिक्का)<br />
Itching/pruritus: Chilaunu (चिलाउनु)<br />
Discharge: Fohor paani (फोहोर पानी)<div>Vertigo: Dizziness (चक्कर आउनु)<br />Nausea: urge to vomit (वाकवाकी लाग्नु)<br />Syncope/ Unconscious: fainting or passing out (बेहोश हुनु)<br />Diaphoresis, Perspiration: sweating (पसिना आउनु)<br />Hyperhidrosis: abnormally excessive sweating (अति धेरै पसिना आउनु)<br />
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<b>VITALS</b> (BP, Pul, Resp, O2, Temp)<br />
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Hypertension: High blood pressure<br />
Hypotension: low blood pressure<br />
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Tachycardia: fast heartbeat<br />
Bradycardia: slower heart rate<br />
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Tachypnea: abnormally fast breathing<br />
Bradypnea: abnormally slow breathing rate<br />
Hyperventilation: increased respiration<br />
Hypoventilation: decreased respiration<br />
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hypoxemia: lack of O2 in blood<br />
hypoxia: lack of enough O2 in tissue to sustain its function<br />
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Pyrexia: fever<br />
Hypothermia: low body temperature<br />
Hyperthermia: high body temperature<br />
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<b>Other</b><br />
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Polyphagia: increased apatite<br />
Anorexia: lack of appetite of food<br />
Polydipsia: increased thirst<br />
Adipsia, hypodipsia: decreased or no thirst<br />
Polyuria: increased urination<br />
Oliguria: low urination<br />
Dyspepsia: upset stomach, indigestion<br />
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Ascites: abdominal swelling caused by too much fluid</div>
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Hemorrhage: blood from broken blood vessel inside or outside of the body<br />
Hematuria: blood in the urine: pisab ma khoon<br />
Hemoptysis: blood in sputum<br />
Hematochezia: rectal bleeding, often blood in the stool<br />
Hematospermia: blood in semen<br />
Hematemesis: blood in vomiting<br />
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Dysarthria: loss of control in speak muscle resulting slurred speech<br />
Euphoria: an extremely positive or exaggerated sense of happiness or well being<br />
Insomnia: inadequate sleep<br />
Hypersomnia: oversleeping<br />
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Halitosis: bad breath<br />
Xerosis, xeroderma: dry skin<br />
Erythema: redness on the skin<br />
Edematous: swelling<br />
pallor: pale appearance<br />
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Alopecia: Loss of hair<br />
Hypotrichosis: Absence of hair<br />
Hypertrichosis: Excessive growth of hair<br />
Paronychia: Nail infection or disorder<br />
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<b>Relevant words</b><br />
<br />
Etiology/Cause: Kaaran (कारण)<br />
Congenital: Janmajaat (जन्मजात)<br />
Hereditary: Bangshanu-gat (वंशानुगत)<br />
Medicine: Ausadhi (औषधी), Dabaii (दबाई), Okhati<br />
Needle: Suii (सुई)<br />
Surgery: Shalyakriya (शल्यक्रिया), Operation (अपरेसन)<br />
Incision/Excision: Chirne (चिर्ने)<br />
Radiotherapy: Sekne (सेक्ने)<br />
Cast/Slab: Plaster/Dhalaan (प्लास्टर/ढलान)<br />Anterior/Ventral/Frontal: Agaadi (अगाडि)<br />Posterior/Dorsal/ Back: Pachhaadi (पछाडी)<br />Medial/Inner: Bhitri (भित्री)<br />Lateral/Outer: Baahiri (बाहिरी)<br />
Microorganism: Jibaanu (जीवाणु)/ Bisaanu (विषाणु)</div><div>
Cell: Koshika (कोसिका)<br />
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<b>Gastrointestinal system (Digestive) / पाचन प्रणाली</b><br />
<br />
Acidity: Amla-pitta (अम्लपित्त )<br />
Indigestion: Ajirna/Apach (अजिर्ण/अपच्)<br />
Belching: Dakar (डकार)<br />
Constipation: Kabjiyat (कब्जियत)<br />
Diarrhea: Pakhaala (पखाला)<br />
Vomit: Baanta garnu (बान्ता गर्नु)<br />
Nausea: Wakwaki lagnu (वाकवाकी लाग्नु)<br />
GERD, Acute Gastritis: Gastric (ग्यास्ट्रिक)<br />
Gastric, Duodenal ulcer: Petko ulcer (पेटको अल्सर)<br />
Achalasia - Nilna garo hune rog (निल्न गारो हुने रोग) rare<br />
Hernia: Hernia (हर्निया)<br />
Ascariasis/Worm infestation: Juka (जुका)<br />
Piles: (पाइल्स)<br />
Cholera: Haija (हैजा)<br />
Malnutrition: Kuposhan (कुपोषण)<br />
Jaundice: Kamalpitta/Pandurog (कमलपित्त/पान्डुरोग)<br />
Hepatitis (हेपाटाईटिस - कलेजो सुन्निनु )<br />
Cirrhosis (सिरोसिस)<br />
Liver abscesses (कलेजोमा घाउ)<br />
Liver transplant (कलेजो प्रत्यारोपण)<br />
Liver cancer (कलेजोमा क्यान्सर)<br />
Hepatic encephalopathy (कलेजोको कारणले हुने मस्तिस्क रोग)<br />
Cholecystitis (पित्तथैली सुन्निनु)<br />
Acute pancreatitis (प्यांक्रियाज सुन्निनु)<br />
Pancreatic cancer (प्यांक्रियाजमा क्यान्सर)<br />
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<b>Internal BODY PARTS </b> (शरीर भित्रका अंगहरु - bhitra)<br />
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Skeletal: Astipanjar (अस्तिपंजर)</div>
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Respiration: Swasprashwas (स्वासप्रश्वास)</div>
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Nervous: Snayau (स्नायु)</div>
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Digestion: Paachan (पाचन)</div>
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Reproduction: Prajanan (प्रजनन)</div>
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Gland: Granthi (ग्रन्थि)<br />
Joint: Jorni (जोर्नी)<br />Muscle: Maasu (मासु), Manspesi (मांसपेसी)<br />Skin: Chhaalaa (छाला)<br />Bone: Haddi (हड्डी)<br />Blood: Ragat (रगत)<br />Blood vessels: Nasaa (नशा): [Arteries (धमनी), Vains (शिरा)]<br />
<br /></div>
Skull: Khappar(खप्पर)<br />
Heart: Mutu (मुटु)<br />
Lungs: Fokso (फोक्सो)<br />
Respiratory tract: Swasnali (स्वशनली)<br />Spinal Cord: Susumna (सुषुंना) <br />
Pharynx: Nilne Ghati (निल्ने घाँटी)<br />
Esophagus: Khana Nali (खाना नली)<br />
Stomach: Pet (पेट)<br />
Small Intestine: Sano Aandra (सानो आन्द्रा)<br />
Large Intestine: Thulo Aandra (ठुलो आन्द्रा)<br />
Anus: Gudaa (गुदा)<br />
Liver: Kalego (कलेजो) [Hi:जिगर]<br />
Pancreas: Agnyashaya (अग्न्याशय)<br />
Gallbladder: Pittathali (पित्तथैली), पित्ताशय<br />
Kidney: Mrugaula (मृगौला)<br />
Urethra: Mutra-marga (मूत्रमार्ग)<br />
Uterus: Garbhashaya (गर्भाशय)<br />
Testicles: Andakosh (अन्डकोष), Geda (गेडा)<br />
Penis: Linga (लिंग)<br />
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<b>External </b><b>Body Parts = </b><b>Sharir ka Anga - Bahira</b><br />
<br />Head: Tauko (टाउको)<br />Hair: Kapaal (कपाल)<br />Face: Anuhaar (अनुहार)<br />Forehead: Nidhar (निधार)<br />Eye: Aankha (आँखा)<br />-Pupul: Aankha ko Naani (आखाको नानी)<br />-Retina: Aankha ko pardaa (आखाको पर्दा)<br />Ear: Kaan (कान)<br />Nose: Naak (नाक)<br />Mouth: Mukh (मुख)<br />Lip: Oth (ओथ)<br />Tongue: Jibro (जिब्रो) <br />Teeth: Daant (दाँत)<br />Gums: Gija (गिजा)<br />Neck: Ghanti (घाँटी)<br />Throat: Galaa (गला)<br />Larynx: Kantha (कण्ठ)/Swortantra (स्वरतन्त्र) </div>Adam's Apple (Uvula, Tonsil): Rudraghanti(रुद्रघन्टी) / Kilkile (किलकिले)<div><br /></div><div>Trunk/Torso: Jiuu (जिउ)<br />
Chest: Chhati (छाती)<br />Breast: Stan (स्तन)<br />-Nipple: Dudhko munta (दूधको मुन्टा)<br />Stomach, Abdomen: Bhundi/ Pet (पेट)<br />Back: Dhaad (ढाड) /Peeth (पिठ्युँ)</div><div>Spine: Merudanda (मेरुदण्ड)<br />Umbilicus/ belly button = Naaito (नाइटो)<br />Waist: Kammar (कमर), </div><div>Hip: Nitamba (नितम्ब)<br />Gorin Kamar ra tighra bichko bhaag (कमर र तिध्रा बिचको भाग)<br />Penis: Linga (लिंग)<br />Testis/Ovary: Anda (अन्डा)<br />Vegina: Yoni (योनि)<br />Urethral opening: Mutradwar (मुत्रद्वार)<br />Butt chick: Chaak<br />Anus: Maladwar (मलद्वार)/ Guda (गुदा) </div><div>
<br />Hand, Upper limb: Haat (हात)<br />Shoulder: Kum (कुम)/ Kaandh (काँध)</div><div>Arm: Pakhura (पाखुरा)<br />Elbow: Kuhino (कुहिनो)<br />Wrist: Naadi (नाडी)<br />Palm: Hatkela (हत्केला)<br />Fist: Muthi (मुठी)<br />Finger: Aunla (औंला)<br />Nail: Nang (नङ्ग)<br />
Thumb: Budhi Aunla (बूढी औंला)<br />
1st/pointing finger: Chor Aunla (चोर औंला)<br />
Little/fifth finger: Kaanchi Aunla (कान्छी औंला)<br />Feet/ Lower Limb: Khutta (खुट्टा) / Goda (गोडा)<br />Thigh: Tighra (तिध्रा)<br />Knee: Ghunda (घुंडा)<br />Claf: Pinaula (पिंडौला)<br />Ankle: Goligantho (गोलिगाँठो)<br />Heel: Kurkuchha (कुर्कुच्चा)<br />Sole: Paitala (पैताला)<br />Finger/Toe: Aunla (औंला)<br />
Digit (fingers or toe) (eg: digit of the foot is toe)<br />
Limbs: haat (hand), khutta (leg), pakheta (wings)</div>
</div>
</div>Milanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11569819549234735858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-89785905186604942882016-06-10T18:56:00.037-07:002024-03-23T00:51:18.577-07:00English name of common Nepali food, spices, etcThis is the list of Nepali spices, vegetables, fruits, lentils, cereals, etc translated into English.<div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.karma99.com/2024/03/nepali-baal-katha-kavita-kids-chila.html" target="_blank">Teach Nepali to your kids</a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><u style="text-align: left;"><b><span><a name='more'></a></span>Spices, Herbs, Nuts</b></u></div>
<u><br /></u>अलैंची (Alaichi) = Black Cardamom <br /><div> अदुवा (Aduwa) = Ginger (sc: Zingiber officinale)<br />
अमला (Amala) = Gooseberry<br />
अझिना (Ajina) = Ajinomoto / Umami taste by monosodium glutamate (MSG)</div><div>आलस (Aalas) = Flaxseed<br />कागती (Kagati) = Lemon</div><div><div>काजु (Kaju) = Cashew</div><div><div><span style="font-family: times;">किसमिस (Kismis) = Raisin</span></div><div><div style="font-family: times; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div></div></div>केसर (Kesar) = Saffron</div><div><div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; widows: 1;"><div style="font-family: times; margin: 0px;">खोर्सानी (Khorsani) = Chilli, Pepper</div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times; widows: 2;">जिरा (Jira) = Cumin</span><br style="font-family: Times; widows: 2;" /><span style="font-family: Times; widows: 2;">ज्वानो (Jwano) = Lovage/ Ajwain /Carom Seed / Thyme</span><br style="font-family: Times; widows: 2;" /><div style="font-family: Times; widows: 2;">जाईफल (Jaifal) = Nutmeg (Mace: its covering)</div><div style="font-family: Times; widows: 2;">टिमुर (Timur) = Red Pepper<br /></div><div style="font-family: Times; widows: 2;"><div>तामा (Tama) = Bombo Soda</div><div>तेज पत्ता (Tej Patta) = Bay leaf</div>तील (Teel) = Seasame seed<br />तित्री (Titri) / इम्ली (imli) = Tamarind<br />तुलसी (Tulsi) = Holy basil (sc: Ocimum tenuiflorum)</div><div style="widows: 2;">तोरी (Tori) = Mustard</div></div></div></div>
<div>दाल चिनी (Daal Chini) =Cinnamon (similar: cassia bark)</div>
<div>
धनिया (दाना) (Dhaniya) = Coriander seed<br />
धनिया (पत्ता) (Dhaniya ko patta) = Cilantro / Coriander leaves</div><div><div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: times; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; widows: 1;"><div style="margin: 0px;">पानको पात (Paan) = Betel leaf (sc: Piper betle)</div><div style="margin: 0px;"><div>पिस्ता (Pista) = Pistachio</div></div></div>पुदिना (Padina) = Mint<br />प्याज (Pyaj) = Onion<br />प्याज को पत्ता (Pyaj ko patta) = Scallion</div><div><div>बदाम (Badaam) = Peanuts</div></div><div>बिरे नून (Bire Nun) = Black salt</div><div>बेसार (Besar) = Turmeric (sc: Curcuma longa)<br />बोझो (Bojho) = calamus/sweet flag (sc: Acorus calamus)<br />बिरे नून (Bire Noon) = Black Salt</div></div><div>मरिच (Marich) = Black pepper<br />मेथी (Methi) = Fenugreek (sc: Trigonella foenum-graecum)<br />मिश्री (Mishri) = Rock Suger/ Rock Candy</div>
<div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: times; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">लसुन (Lasun) = Garlic</div></div></div>
ल्वांग (Lwang) = Cloves</div><div>
<div>सुकमेल (Sukmel) = Green-Cardamom (sc: Elettaria cardamomum)</div><div><div><div>सुपाडी (Supadi) = Areca-nut, Betel-nut</div><div><div style="font-family: times; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"></div></div></div><div><div>हाडे बदाम (Hade-badaam) = Almonds</div></div><div></div></div>
<div>हिङ्ग (Hing) = Asafoetida</div>
<div><br /></div>
<hr />
<u><b>Vegetables:-</b></u><br />
<br />
<div>मुला (Mula) = Radish</div><div>
पालुङ्गो (Palungo) = Spinach<br />
बैगुन / भन्टा (Baigun / Bhanta)= Eggplant<br />
कुरिलो (Kurilo) = Asparagus<br />
फर्सी (Farsi) = Pumpkin<br />
बोडी (Bodi) = Black Eyed Peas</div><div>सजिना (Sajina)/ Shita Chini/ Shobhaanjan = Moringa oleifera / Drumstick / Hoeseradish-tree /Ben oil tree <br />
<br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><hr /><u><b>Fruits:-</b></u><br />
आलुबखडा (Aalubakhada) = Plum (dry : Prunes)<br />
ऐंसेलु (Ainselu) = Raspberry<br />
अमला (Amala) = Gooseberry<br />
अम्बक (Ambak / Ambaa) = Guava<br />
अनार (Anaar) = Pomegranate<br />
अनारस (Anaras) = Pineapple<br />
अंगुर (Angur) = Grapes</div><div><div>काफल (Kaaphal) = Bay berry<br />किम्बु (Kimbu) = Mulberry<br />कोला/ केरा (Kola / Kera) = Banana</div><div>खरबुजा (Kharbuja) = Watermelon</div><div><div>गाजर (Gaazar) = Carrots</div></div><div>तरुल (Tarul) = Yam<br /></div><div>नासपाती (Naspati) = Pear<br /></div>
बयर (Bayar) = Greenberry<br />
बेल (Bel) = Wood Apple/ Stone apple (sc: Aegle marmelos)</div><div>मेवा (Mewa) = Papaya</div><div>स्याउ (Syau) = Apple<br />
सुन्तला (Suntala) = Orange<br /><div>हलुवाबेद (Haluwabed) = Persimmon</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div>
<hr />
<u><b>Aanaj </b></u><u><b>(अनाज) </b></u><u><b>/Anna (अन्न) / Cereal</b></u><br />
<u><br /></u> चामल / धान (Chaamal / Dhaan) = Rice / Paddy<br />
> च्युरा (Cheura) = Beaten rice</div><div>
> भुजा / मुरी /मुरै (Murai/bhuja)= Puffed rice</div><div>गहुँ (Gahun) = Wheat</div><div>जौ (Jau) = Barley</div><div>जई (Jai) / Oat = Oat (similar to Barley, consumed as oatmeal, porridge, granola bar)</div><div>कोदो (Kodo) = Millet</div><div>फापर (Fapar)= Buckwheat</div><div>मकै (Makai)= Corn / Maize</div><div>सुजी (Suji)= Semolina</div><div>
<br />पिठो (Pitho)= Flour<br />गहुँको पिठो (Gau ko pitho)= Wheat flour<br />मकैको पिठो (Makai ko Pitho)= Maize flour<br />चामलको पिठो (Chamal ko pitho)= Rice flour<br />मैदा (Maida)= refined flour/white flour/ all-purpose flour(used for baking cakes, bread)</div>
<div>
आटा (Atta, Aata) = wheat flour (unrefined)</div><div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><hr /><u><b>Lentil soups (दाल)/ Beans</b></u><br /><u><br /></u>Gahat (गहतको दाल) = Horse gram lentils<br />Mas / Kalo (कालो / मासको दाल) (urad)= Black gram bean / black lentil<br />Musuro / Rato (मुसुरो / रातोको दाल) = Red lentils<br />Rahar ko daal (रहर को दाल) (toor)= Pigeon pea<br />Rajma (राजमा)= Red Kidney beans<br />
<hr />
<u><b>Other</b></u>:-<br /></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>अम्लिसो (Amliso) = Thysanolaena maxima [used as a broom]</div><div>दहि (Dahi) = Yoghurt / Curd<br />तोरीको तेल (Toriko Tel) = Mustard Oil</div><div><div>सोयाबिन (Soyabin), Soya wadi, Nutrela<span face="roboto, arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-size: x-small;">®</span> = Soya chunk</div><div></div> </div><div>जल जिरा (Jal Jeera) = Jeera(Cumin), Pudina(mint), Dhaniya(Coriander), BireNoon(Black Salt), आमचुर (AmChoor/ Mango Powder)</div>
<div>
Curry = Besar-Haldi(Turmeric), Jira (Cumin), Dhaniya (Coriander), Lasun (Garlic), Pyaj (onion)<br />
Tea spices = Aduwa/Ginger, Marich/Black pepper, Sukmel/Green-Cardamom, </div>
<div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />
<hr />
<b>Phool (फूल) = Flowers</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
LaliGunras (लालीगुराँस) = Rhododendron [National flower of Nepal]<br />
Sayapatri (सयपत्री) (Hi-Ur: गेंदा Gainda) = Marigold<br />
Makhamali (मखमली)/ Ajambari = Globe Amaranth (sc: Gomphrena globosa)<br />
Suryamukhi (सूर्यमुखी) = Sunflower<br />
Godavari (गोदावरी) (Hi-Ur: गुलदाउदी Gul Daudi) = chrysanthemum<br />
Sungabha (सुनगाभा)/ Sunakhari (सुनाखरी) = Orchid<br />
Guna-kesari (गुन केशरी) = Daffodil<br />
Lalupate (लालुपाते) = Poinsettia<br />
Parijat (पारिजात) = Night-flowering Jasmine<br />
Champa (चम्पा) = Magnolia<br />
Chameli (चमेली) = Jasmine<br />
Babari (बाबरी) = Sweat Basil<br />
Kamal (कमल) = Lotus<br />
Gulab (गुलाब)= Rose<br />
<div><br /></div><div><b>Jasminum genus</b></div><div><div>चमेली (Chameli) = Jasmine</div></div><div>जाई (Jai) = Jasmin / Jasminum grandiflorum</div><div><div>जुई (Jui) = Common Jasmine/ Jasminum officinale </div><div><br /></div></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div>
<hr />
<b>Dhaatu (धातु)/ Metal </b><br />
<b>Khanij (खनिज )/Minerals</b><br />
<b>Tatwa (तत्व) / Element</b><br />
<b>Padartha (पदार्थ) / Material</b></div>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
Soon (सुन) = Gold<br />
Chaandi (चाँदी) = Silver<br />
Tin (टिन) (Hi-Ur: Ranga रांगा/ Bang वंग) = Tin<br />
Tama (तामा) = Copper<br />
Jasta (जस्ता) = Zinc<br />
Pittal (पित्तल) = Brass (Copper + Zinc)<br />
Kaans (काँस) = Bell metal (Copper + Tin ) (type of Bronze)<br />
* Bronze = Copper + Tin + other metals<br />
Iispat (ईस्पात) (Hi-Ur: Faulad फ़ौलाद) = Steel<br />
Falam (फलाम) (Hi-Ur: Loha लोहा) = Iron<br />
Halaunge (हलुंगे) = Aluminium<br />
Shesha (सीसा) = Lead (Pb) metal<br />
Shesha = Glass<br />
<br />
Heera (हीरा) = Diamond<br />
Koila/ Koyala (कोईला) = Coal<br />
Dhunga (ढुंगा)/ Patthar (पत्थर) = Stone, Rock</div>
</div>
</div></div>Milanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11569819549234735858noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-35932990999863024552015-09-21T23:09:00.015-07:002023-06-14T13:39:29.196-07:00Timeline of federal structure of Nepal<div><p style="background-color: white;">This is a timeline-list of federal structures, that were purposed before the new constitution was promulgated in 2015 and the series of relevant events following that. <span></span></p><a name='more'></a><p></p><span style="background-color: white;"><hr /></span><div style="background-color: white;">.</div><div style="background-color: white;"><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="margin: 0px;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540343000&usg=AOvVaw1okGv0mD5UAgZHfBS-UQD2" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><img border="0" class="CToWUd" data-bit="iit" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcJTBL-1fAPTPTo2eK8pt45sbAzt8N2nuwZ9jq764B_lYAEhFUU5z5_UxrHA4UFYCek4vXdc2eg0PsLwhbWyYclLcW_EeC81Bdw6AJW4GEoSNwO0EXgy24tlMKWmTH5Bhz8IPAzLHoDrY/s400/Nepal_Province_Journal_NGIID_dOBZFB6nlO.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px;">Official Map of Administrative divisions of Nepal by<br />Government of Nepal, Survey Department (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://karma99.com&source=gmail&ust=1686861540343000&usg=AOvVaw3nAQFjG60zhGV33uy5eeAF" href="http://karma99.com/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">karma99.com</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>2023 Mar</b>: <b>Province-1 </b>assembly voted the name of the province to be "<b>Koshi</b>".</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>2022 Nov 20</b>: Election held for 2nd provincial assemblies. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>2022 Jan 17</b>: <b>Province 2</b> assembly passed its state name and state capital by 2/3 majority. The new name of the state is "<b>Madhesh</b>" and state capital is "<b>Janakpuar</b>". Out of 99 assembly members who voted, 80 voted for Madhesh name, and 78 voted in favor of capital Janakpuar. (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540343000&usg=AOvVaw1okGv0mD5UAgZHfBS-UQD2" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">link</a>)</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><b>2020 Oct 6: Province 5</b> state assembly passed its state name and state capital by 2/3 majority. The new name of the state is "<b>Lumbini</b>" and its Capital is "<b>Bhalubang (Deukhuri)</b>", Dang district. (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540343000&usg=AOvVaw1okGv0mD5UAgZHfBS-UQD2" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">link</a>)</span><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><b>2020 Jan 12</b>: </span><b style="text-align: justify;">Province 3</b><span style="text-align: justify;"> state assembly passed its state name and new capital by 2/3 majority. Out of a total of 110 members, 108 voted for the new name "<b>Bagmati</b>" and 105 voted for the new capital "<b>Hetauda</b>". (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540343000&usg=AOvVaw1okGv0mD5UAgZHfBS-UQD2" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">link</a>)</span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><b>2019 May 6</b>: Biratnagar voted to be the permanent provincial capital of <b>State-1</b>. </span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><b>2018 Sep 28</b>: <b>Province 7</b> state assembly passed its state name and state capital by 2/3 majority. 38 out of 53 lawmakers voted for the name "<b>SudurPaschim</b>" whereas "<b>Godawari</b>" became the new provincial capital. (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540343000&usg=AOvVaw1okGv0mD5UAgZHfBS-UQD2" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">link</a>)</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><b>2018 July 2:</b> <b>Province 4</b> state assembly passed its new capital by 2/3 majority. 54 members voted for the new capital "<b>Pokhara</b>". (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540343000&usg=AOvVaw1okGv0mD5UAgZHfBS-UQD2" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">link</a>) On July 6, state name was also declared. 54 out of 56 provincial assembly members voted for the name "<b>Gandaki</b>". (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540343000&usg=AOvVaw1okGv0mD5UAgZHfBS-UQD2" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">link</a>)</span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /><b>2018 Feb 24</b>: </span><b style="text-align: justify;">Province 6</b><span style="text-align: justify;"> state assembly passed its state name and state capital by 2/3 majority. State Assembly has a total of 40 seats and currently, there are 39 members. Among them 37 voted for the new name "<b>Karnali</b>" and 36 voted for the capital "<b>Surkhet</b>". (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540343000&usg=AOvVaw1okGv0mD5UAgZHfBS-UQD2" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">link</a>)</span></div><div><br /></div><div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><b>2018 Feb 1-5: </b>first meeting of all 7 states held in their respective states. </span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span><span style="text-align: justify;"><b>2017 Nov 26 & Dec 7: </b>provincial election held for the first time in Nepal in all 7 provinces.</span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;">------------------------------<wbr></wbr>--------------</span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><b>2015 Sep 20 Sun</b> (Ashoj 3, 2072 BS): President Dr. Ram Baran Yadav </span><b style="text-align: justify;">promulgated </b><span style="text-align: justify;">the Constitution of Nepal</span><span style="text-align: justify;"> in the last meeting of the Constituent Assembly. </span><br /></span><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><br /><b>2015 Sep 16 Wed</b> (Bhadau 30, 2072 B.S.): <b> </b>Nepal's Constitution 2072 B.S. <b>endorsed</b> by the constituent assembly meeting by 2/3 majority. This ensured Nepal to have 7 states. </span></div>------------------------------<wbr></wbr>--------------</div><div><br /><b>2015 Aug 21: </b>After several protests in two weeks 3 major political parties (Congress, UML & Maoist) now agree on a new 7 states model. Three parties have combined 451 (75%) seats in the Constituent Assembly. 4th party from the earlier agreement (Forum-democratic) opposed the agreement.<br /><br />The 6th state from the earlier "6-state model" is divided into two creating new 6th and 7th state. Salyan district from earlier 5th state is given to new state-6. One village (Thori) from Parsa district in state-2 is given to state-3.<br />---<br />Many regional organizations and parties protested against the earlier proposed 6 states model demanding:-<br />- Akhanda Sudur-Paschim (undivided far-west region)<br />- Akhanda Madhya-Paschim (undivided mid-west region)<br />- Tharuhat Pradesh (from Nawalparasi to Kanchanpur excluding hill districts)<br />- Karnali Pradesh (including present Karnali zone)<br />- Akhanda Baglung district (not to divide present Baglung district)<br /><b><br /></b><b>2015 Aug 8</b>: Four major political parties (Congress, UML, Maoist, and Forum-Democratic) agreed on a new 6 states model. All new 6 states will have boundaries with India. 4 states (except 2 Lumbini & Madhesh) will have boundaries with China as well.<br /><br /><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="margin: 0px;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540343000&usg=AOvVaw1okGv0mD5UAgZHfBS-UQD2" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><img border="0" class="CToWUd" data-bit="iit" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRhk8J54RPLq4xE82clH1czEta_5J41aSKXvsikmvoLF1940EGnDiZlquDl8H1yUI2go1hNw7MtPb0chnM8DCP0yXT0uVnkHV0Mswz_kLzdd-mcsGRzGuAxcNgyWzamAFvz5AAHow3Rb4/s400/6+states.gif" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px;">Aug 8, 2015: 6 states of Nepal initially agreed among major parties</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><b>2015 June 9: </b>the<b> </b>16-points agreement between four major political parties (Congress, UML, Maoist, and Forum-Democratic). They also agreed on the 8 state model. But boundaries are not finalized. Maoist led 30-party alliance split.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">2015 Apr 25: Earthquake in Nepal</span></b><br /><br /><b>2014 Oct 27</b>: CPN-UML proposes 4 states model. Each state will consist of hills and terai regions. The proposed four states are Eastern, Central, Gandak & Karnali. (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540343000&usg=AOvVaw1okGv0mD5UAgZHfBS-UQD2" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">Link</a>) Later other leaders of UML criticized this idea. UML officially supports Congress 6 or 7 states model. (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">Link</a>)</div><div><br /><b>2014 Oct 12</b>: Nepali Congress proposed two model of six- or seven-states (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">Link</a>)</div><div></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="margin: 0px;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><img border="0" class="CToWUd" data-bit="iit" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCKv4xt8es6-n7V8o04bc9x0AczbtMb_jB-ganmDmle3cfiW0G1kY-3oMcBAVjvPnw3EF3d8BNFsPoVAinQXlpa54DWX13L1mJRiWOAouiZTtqJxKbGiwBiEEUwz9Frm9NUW6d_3FCAC8/s1600/map_20141012083435.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px;">6 & 7 states by Congress (source: <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://ekantipur.com&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0lEFOk_HHMEEowrT3dPHT7" href="http://ekantipur.com/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">ekantipur.com</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /><br /><b>2013 Nov 19: </b>Election of 2nd Constituent Assembly.<br /><b><br /></b><b>2012 Apr 28</b>: UML presented the new proposal to federate the country into 12 states. (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">Link</a>)</div><div><br /><b>2012 Jan 19</b>: State Reconstruction Commission proposes two separate federal structures, one with 11 states (including one non-territorial state) and another with 6 states. (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">link</a>) Among 9 members of the commission 6 members (Malla K Sundar, Stella Tamang from Maoist, Prof Dr. Krishna Hachhethu, Surendra Mahato from Madheshi morcha, Bhogendra Jha from UML & co-ordinator Madan Pariyar) proposed 11-state model and 3 members (Ramesh Dhungel & Sabitri Gurung from NC and Sarbraj Khadka from UML) proposed 6states model. (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">link</a>) (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">link</a>) (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">link</a>)<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="margin: 0px;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><img border="0" class="CToWUd" data-bit="iit" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0x7FUk0Uxo90SVc7euntXhcBvIymL1vGRJmlnK7BKuTYLqZWNj5-cpwFzcj2Ezqu2R79eWGGNbSNlS-MO2SPa8uSyeushHcpBx1Q2O4FLfKkDWWySgOy1qUhk9z_a95WM6WKa-TKK1gI/s400/2012+jan.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px;">10+1 states by SRC</td></tr></tbody></table></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="margin: 0px;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><img border="0" class="CToWUd" data-bit="iit" jslog="138226; u014N:xr6bB; 53:WzAsMl0." src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEjWAGfULlEZQfp9M89UuyvoS0-tmtUdOHZ8QNHxDmKjp8VyLDBvX62P-1Dcxe0nDDVtSP-qTkCvAB2HZDR9vDSHOPuJPdHod9SAlwHZVq38mqvboNLNyeBmHxf1l1bvce-t3VOG67npKGAEIXX_JulYm1Pps_8xGfVVU5ABjXR0zRVkjzTepbwqKessvKe6A_zFcTOJGw9Us_pr6wbil1XQncqiCXEfXdBUXv3cm3ruRsGZQchz-A0VLeaLqfEuYTdB3TXmPyk4=s0-d-e1-ft" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px;">10+1 and 6 states by SRC</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /><b>2011 Nov 22: </b>Baburam Bhattarai Government decided to from State Reconstruction Commission according to Article 138 of the internal constitution of Nepal. It has given 2 months to give a report.<br /><br /></div><div><b>2010 Jan 20</b>: State Reconstruction Committee of CA passes federal structure of 14 states supported by UCPNM and UML. 14 proposed states and map are as follows:-<br /><br />Limbuwan, Kirat, Sherpa, Sunkoshi, Newa, Tamsaling, Narayani, Tamuwan, Magarat, Jadan, Karnali, Khaptad, Mithila-Bhojpura-Koch-Madhesh, Lumbini-Awadh-Tharuwan.</div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="margin: 0px;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><img border="0" class="CToWUd" data-bit="iit" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEi-0PSA5i5G5V1aKSeE6pwiY1nOeY4srcAZ4MVl0h7BvJD8WqNMryZeJg-Kmf5SCP3juLaPRgBbZptmwBzH3iQhGe6dYI3AM4fN9u2LU0z2pEdwKeFQYVWwRM4wu8RJtiEDLS8QEennU_uHJg0C9NgkaF-PC4xCISD5RrYK2UXLdcsAiA=s0-d-e1-ft" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px;">The proposed federal structure of Nepal<br />by CA- Stare Reconstruction Committee 2010</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div><b>2008 May 28</b>: First Constituent Assembly (CA) meeting declared Nepal to be a federal democratic republic by 560-4 votes. (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">1</a>, <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">2</a>)<br /><br /><b>2008 Apr 10</b>: First Constituent Assembly election. CPN Maoist, Nepali Congress, CPN-UML, & MJF became 1st, 2nd, 3rd & 4th party respectively.<br /><br /><b>2008 Feb 28</b>: 8-point agreement (८ बुँदे सहमति) between Government and "Samyukta Loktantrik Madheshi Morcha" including MJF, TMLP, Sadbhawana Party (Agreed on Nepal to be a federal democratic republic and there will be autonomous Madhesh state).<br /><br /><b>2007 Aug 30</b>: the 22-point agreement between the government and MJF<br /><br /><b>2007 Jan 16: </b>Madhesh uprising started led by Madheshi Janadhikar Forum (MJF)</div><div><br /></div><div><b>2007 Jan 15</b>: Interim constitution of Nepal 2007 issued.<br /><br /><b>2006 Apr 24</b>: '19 days-Democracy movement of Nepal' ended, King re-instated the old parliament.<br /><br /><b>2002 Feb 28</b>: Dr. Harka Gurung suggests "25-district New Nepal" as a new approach for decentralization.</div><div><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="margin: 0px;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><img border="0" class="CToWUd" data-bit="iit" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6zQfb5hagWY60Imv6jiTA3-LfU8j5RLVti1obT2eyxLiAERdCWNqpNvk_XqdjuOC9Phw8XWSHJpcaVzIBqVI1skMNI3691VPJiblg9SfShhAXDTr4obLVtIjpkgYn54_rf7RnJimcb6s/s400/Screen+Shot+2017-09-03+at+11.28.46+PM.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px;">Karma99.com - Screenshot of Dr. Hark Gurung's article on<br />Himal Khabarpatrika 2002 Feb</td></tr></tbody></table><div><hr /><u>Various Provincial Demands</u><br /><br /><b>West Tharuhat: </b>8 westernmost terai districts (Nawalparasi, Rupendehi, Kapilvastu, Dang, Banke, Bardiya, Kailali, Kanchanpur) <br /><br /><b>East Tharuhat</b>: 6 eastern districts (Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari, Saptari, Siraha, Udayapur)<br /><br /><b>Akhanda Sudur Paschim </b> <b><span style="background-color: black; color: lime;">√ </span><span style="color: lime;"> </span>State no 7</b><br /><br /><b>Limbuwan</b>: 9 districts east of Arun-Kosh i river (Jhapa, Morang, Sunsasri, Ilam, Panchthar, Taplejung, Dhankuta, Terhathum & Sankhuwasabha)<br /><b></b><br /><b>Newa: </b>(Kathmandu valley)<br /><br /><b>Samagra Madhesh Ek Swayetta Pradesh (All Madhesh One Province)</b> (all terai)</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>United Tharuhat</b> (all terai)</div><div><br /><div><hr /></div><div><div style="font-family: times; text-align: justify;"></div></div><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div></div></div><div><div><div style="font-family: times; text-align: justify;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><b>Present Structure (after 2015 constitution)</b></div></div></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><br />Provinces vs (Development Region & Zones): Under the new system there are now 7 provinces in Nepal removing the old 5 development regions and 14 zone systems.<br /><br />Districts: The old 75 districts are mostly kept as it is, except two districts were split. In 2017 Aug 21, Government recognized both parts of Nawalparasi & Rukum each as separate districts. This effectively made a total of 77 districts in Nepal.<br /><br />Local levels: Currently there is a total of 753 local levels including 6 metropolitan cities, 11 sub-metropolitan cities, 276 municipalities, and 460 rural municipalities. <br /><hr /><b>Democratic era (1990-2015)</b></div><div><br />From 1961 to 2015, Nepal was divided into 5 development regions and 14 zones and 75 districts in a nested-hierarchical manner. 75 districts were divided into City and Villages and each city and villages were further sub-divided into 'wards' ranging from a minimum 9 (in VDC) to a maximum 35 (KTM). For example- Mt Everest was situated in Eastern Development Region, Sagarmatha zone, Solukhumbu district, Khumjung V.D.C., Ward no 4.<br /><br />For the 1992 Local election (according to the new constitution of 1990) 36 Municipalities & 3,995 VDCs were created from the old city and village panchayats.<br /><br />During the 1997 Local election, there were 58 municipalities and 3,913 VDCs.<br /><br />Until July 2011, Nepal had 58 municipalities & 4,915 VDCs. These municipalities were:- <u>State 1</u>: Damak, Mechinagar, Bhadrapur, Ilam, Dharan, Itahari, Inaruwa, Biratnagar, Khandbari, Triyuga, Dhankuta, Bhimeshwar, Kamalamai, <u>State 2: </u>Birganj, Gulariya, Malangwa, Siraha, Lahan, Gaur, Kalaiya, Jaleswar, Rajbiraj, Janakpur, <u>State 3: </u>Kathmandu, Kirtipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Madhyapur Thimi, Ratnanagar, Bharatpur, Hetauda, Banepa, Dhulikhel, Panauti, Bidur, <u>State 4,5,6: </u>Gorkha, Pokhara, Lekhnath, Butwal-Rupandehi, Siddharthanagar- Rupandehi, Nepalganj, Tikapur-Kailali, Kapilvastu, Byas-Tanahu, Putalibazar-Syangja, Ramgram-Nawalparasi, Baglung, Tansen-Palpa, Waling-Syangja, Narayan-Dailekh, Ghorahi -Dang, Tulsipur-Dang, Birendranagar-<wbr></wbr>Surkhet, <u>State 7:</u> Dhangadhi, Bhim Dutta, Amaragadhi, Dasharathchand, Dipayal-Silgadhi.<br /><br />On May 8, 2014, Government added 72 new municipalities making a total of 130 municipalities.<br /><br />In Dec 2014, Govt. again added 61 municipalities making a total of 191 municipalities and VDCs reduced to 3,276.<br /><br />Though the new constitution was implemented in 2015 Sep, gov kept changing the old system.<br /><br />In 2015 Sep 26 and in 2017 Mar 46 more municipalities were added making a total of <b>263</b> municipalities before the new constitution implemented at the local level and after the constitution promulgated.</div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><hr /><b>1961 restructure by King Mahendra</b><br /><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;">In 4/13/1961 (BS 2018/1/1) Nepal was divided into 14 Zones and 75 districts by King Mahendra.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">In 1972 Nepal was further divided into 4 development regions by King Birendra. And in 1980, the westernmost region was further divided into two regions creating mid-western and far-western regions.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">In 1975 (BS 2032/8/26) Tibrikot (तिब्रीकोट) district was renamed as Kalikot (कालीकोट), because of which Kalikot district is also known as Kanchho Zilla (कान्छो जिल्ला, the Youngest district).<br /><br />During the 1987 Local election, there were 33 City Panchayat & 4,015 Village Panchayat in Nepal.<br /><br /></div><hr /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="font-family: times; text-align: justify;"></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div><div><b>1956 Restructure </b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>On 23 December 1956, a committee was formed to restructure administrative divisions of Nepal. In accordance with The Report On Reconstruction Of Districts Of Nepal, 1956 (Nepali: नेपालको जिल्ला प्रशासन पुनर्गठनको रिपोर्ट, २०१३), the country was first divided into total 7 Kshetras (area). In 1962, King Mahendra dissolved this system and new systems implemented. </div><div><br /></div><div>1.Arun Kshetra: Mechi, Biratnagar, Taplejunng, Dhankuta, Bhojpur</div><div>2.Janakpur Kshetra: Hanumannagar, Sagarmatha, Janakpur Dolakha</div><div>3.Kathmandu Kshetra: Kathmandu, Chautara, Trishuli, Rapti, Birgunj</div><div>4.Gandak Kshetra: Pokhara, Gorkha, Syanja, Kapilvastu</div><div>5.Kapilavastu Kshetra: Baglung, Gulmi, Pyuthan, Kapilvastu</div><div>6.Karnali Kshetra: Humla, Karnali, Jajarkot, Salyan, Dailekh, Nepalgunj</div><div>7.Mahakali Kshetra: Bajhang, Doti, Dhangadi, Mahakali</div><div><br /></div><hr /></div><div><b>Sub-division of Rana era</b><br /><b><br /></b></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;">During the rule of Rana PM Bir Shamsher (1885-1901) Nepal was divided into a total of 32 districts. There were 20 districts in hill and 12 districts in terai. Palpa and Dhankuta were the center (Gaunda) of west and east. Terai districts used to be call Tahsil (तहसिल).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><u style="text-align: left;"><br /></u></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><b><u>Dhankuta Gauda (धनकुटा गौंडा) (6 districts)</u></b></span></div><span style="text-align: justify;">*East no 1 (पूर्व १ नम्वर) Kabhre (काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक), Sindhupalchowk (सिन्धुपाल्चोक)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">East No 2 (पूर्व २ नम्वर) Dolakha (दोलखा), Ramechhap (रामेछाप)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">East No 3 (पूर्व ३ नम्वर) Okhaldhunga (ओखलढुंगा), Solukhumbu (सोलुखुम्बु)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">East No 4 (पूर्व ४ नम्वर ) Bhojpur (भोजपुर), Khotang (खोटाङ्)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Ilam (इलाम) now Illam and Panchthar (पाँचथर)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Dhanuta (धनकुटा) now Dhankuta, Sankhuwasabha (संखुवासभा), Terathaum (तेह्रथुम), Taplejung (ताप्लेजुङ्)</span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Other Eastern Districts/Tahsils</b></div><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Jhapa now Jhapa (झापा)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Biratnagar (विराटनगर) now Morang (मोरङ्) and Sunsari (सुनसरी)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Saptari now Saptari (सप्तरी) and Siraha (सिराहा)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Mahottari now Dhanusha (धनुषा), Mahottari (महोत्तरी) and Sarlahi (सर्लाही)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Udayapur now Udayapur (उदयपुर)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Khajhani (खजहनी) now Sindhuli (सिन्धुली)</span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Central Districts</b></div><ol></ol><div><div style="text-align: justify;">*Kathmandu (काठमाडौं) now Kathmandu (काठमाडौं) </div></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Bhaktapur (भक्तपुर) now Bhaktapur (भक्तपुर)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Lalitpur (ललितपुर) now Lalitpur (ललितपुर)</span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Birgunj (वीरगञ्ज) now Bara (बारा), Parsa (पर्सा), Rautahat (रौतहट)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Chisapanigadhi (चिसापानीगढी) now Makwanpur (मकवानपुर), Chitwan (चितवन)</span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><b><u>Palpa Gauda (western districts)</u></b></span></div><div><div><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">West no 1 (पश्चिम १ नम्बर) Dhading (धादिङ्), Nuwakot (नुवाकोट), Rasuwa (रसुवा)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">West no 2 (पश्चिम २ नम्बर) Gorkha (गोरखा)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">West no 3 (पश्चिम ३ नम्बर) Kaski(कास्की), Lamjung (लमजुङ्), Manang (मनाङ्), Tanahun (तनहुँ)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">West no 4 (पश्चिम ४ नम्बर) Syangja(स्याङ्जा), Parbat (पर्वत)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Palpa (पाल्पा) now Palpa (पाल्पा)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Baglung (बाग्लुङ्) now Baglung (बाग्लुङ्), Mustang (मुस्ताङ्), Myagdi (म्याग्दी)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Gulmi (गुल्मी) now Arghakhanchi (अर्घाखाँची), Gulmi (गुल्मी)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Pyuthan (प्यूठान) now Pyuthan (प्यूठान)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Salyan (सल्यान) now Salyan(सल्यान), Rukum (रुकुम), Rolpa (रोल्पा), Jajarkot (जाजरकोट)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Dailekh (दैलेख) now Dailekh (दैलेख), Surkhet (सुर्खेत)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Jumla (जुम्ला) now Dolpa (डोल्पा), Humla (हुम्ला), Jumla (जुम्ला), Mugu (मुगु), Kalikot (कालीकोट)</span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;">*Doti (डोटी) now Achham(अछाम), Bajhang (बझाङ्), Bajura (बाजुरा), Doti (डोटी)<br style="text-align: left;" />*Baitada (बैतडा) now Baitadi (बैतडी), Darchula (दार्चुला)<br style="text-align: left;" />*Dadeldhura (डडेलधुरा) now Dadeldhura (डडेलधुरा)</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">*Palimajh Khand (पालिमाझ खण्ड) Kapilvastu (कपिलवस्तु), Nawalparasi (नवलपरासी), Rupendehi (रुपन्देही)<br style="text-align: left;" /></div><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Dang (दाङ्) now Dang (दाङ्)</span><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Bankebardia (बाँके बर्दिया) now Banke (बाँके), Bardiya (बर्दिया)</span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;">*</span><span style="text-align: justify;">Kailali (कैलाली) now Kailali (कैलाली), Kanchanpur (कञ्चनपुर)</span><br /><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><hr /><div><div><b>Sub-division before Rana Era</b></div><div><br /></div><div>During King Rajendra Bikram and PM Bhimsen Thapa in 1816 A.D. Nepal was divided into 10 districts. All eastern areas from the Dudhkoshi river were in one Dhankuta district.</div></div><div></div><div><br /></div></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><hr /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">References:-</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ol><li style="margin-left: 15px;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://www.ddcdhankuta.gov.np/<wbr></wbr>index.php/homes/introduction</a></li><li style="margin-left: 15px;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540344000&usg=AOvVaw0Iyo4_rH062sQ5fBdUgAov" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://ddckavre.gov.np/</a></li><li style="margin-left: 15px;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540345000&usg=AOvVaw19Nbli8TxX7e5frKtm8Ssq" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://www.enepalikhabar.com/<wbr></wbr>feature-news/2014/07/27628</a></li><li style="margin-left: 15px;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540345000&usg=AOvVaw19Nbli8TxX7e5frKtm8Ssq" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://www.ebaglung.com/?page_<wbr></wbr>id=216</a></li><li style="margin-left: 15px;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107%23&source=gmail&ust=1686861540345000&usg=AOvVaw19Nbli8TxX7e5frKtm8Ssq" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2561374254134157492/4027301794771312107#" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">nayayougbodh.com</a></li></ol></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div>
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</div>Milanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11569819549234735858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-89732839368440630562015-01-05T18:34:00.007-08:002023-03-17T03:20:14.202-07:00Madhya Pahadi Lokmarga, fast track etc<div style="text-align: justify;">
Mid-hill highway (मध्य पहाडी लोकमार्ग / Madhya Pahadi Lokmarga) is a under-construction highway in the hilly regions of Nepal which will run all the way from Chiyabhanjyang (Panchathar) in the east to Jhulaghat (Baitadi) in the far-west for about 1,765 kms. This highway will run somehow parallel to the present East-West Highway (1,024 km) which runs through plain area. About 1,000 kms road of Mid-hill hw is already in existence in different names whereas above 750 kms is new construction for which all tracks have been opened already.<br />
<a name='more'></a><div style="text-align: justify;">A similar highway named Hulaki Rajmarga is under construction which will also connect eastern Nepal to far western region but it runs further south near Indo-Nepal border. <span style="font-family: times;">See:</span><span style="font-family: times;"> </span><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2015/09/hulaki-rajmarga.html" style="font-family: times;" target="_blank"><b>Hulaki Rajmarga</b></a></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mid-hill highway (Madhya-Pahadi Lokmarga), Nepal</td></tr>
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This highway will connect 24 hilly districts and 215 villages of the country. Districts that will be connected by this highway are: Panchthar, Terathum, Dhankuta, Bhojpur, Khotang, Okhaldhung, Udayapur, Sindhuli, Kabhrepalchok, Sindhupalchok, <b>Nuwakot</b>, Dhading, Gorkha, Lamjung, Kaski, Parbat, Baglung, Rukum, Jajarkot, Dailekh, Achham, Doti, Dadeldhura & Baitadi. Central point of this highway will be Pati bhanjyang, Nuwakot.<br />
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It is one of the 21 nationally prioritized projects of the government of Nepal. The government is planning to establish 10 model cities along the mid- hill highway. Purposed 10 cities to set up model towns are Phidim (Panchthar), Basantapur (Terhathum), Khurkot (Sindhuli), Baireni Galchhi (Dhading), Dumre (Tanahun), Burtibang (Baglung), Chaurjahari (Rukum), Rakam (Dailekh), Sanfebagar (Achham) and Patan (Baitadi). These purposed model cities are expected to reduce the current migration from hilly region to Terai in search of food, Education, Health and other basic needs.<br />
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<b>The major cities / towns/ villages along the highway are as follows:-</b><br />
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<b>Eastern Nepal (State 1)</b><br />
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* Chiyabhanjyang of Panchathar (starting point)<br />
* Phidim (Panchthar) [Mechi highway junction, North to Taplejung, South to Ilam, Birtamode, Jhapa]<br />
* Yasok (Panchthar) <br />
* Basantapur (Terhathum) [Koshi highway junction, North to Khandbari, South to Hile, Dhankuta, Dharan, Itahari & Biratnagar]<br />
* Bhojpur (Bhojpur district)<br />
* Diktel (Khotang)<br />
* Thakle/Ghurmi (Okhaldhunga) [Sagarmatha highway junction, Salleri, Solukhumbu to North & Katari, Mirchaiya to south]<div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div>
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<b>Central Nepal (State 3)</b><br />
<br />
* Khurkot (Sindhuli) [BP Highway junction, south to Bardibas, North-west overlaps with BP highway to Dhulikhel, Kathamndu]<br />
* Panchkhal (Kabhre) <br />
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* Bahunepati (Sindhupalchok)<br />
* <b>Pati Bhanjyang (Nuwakot)</b> [CENTRAL POINT OF HIGHWAY]<br />
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* Baireni
Galchhi (Dhading)<br />
* Kurintar (entry point to Manakamana Cable Car) <br />
* Mugling (Junction, Bharatpur, Chitwan to South)<br />
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<b>Western Nepal (State 4)</b><br />
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* Dumre (Tanahun)<br />
* Pokhara (Kaski) [Siddartha Highway <b>junction</b>, south to Terai (Butwal, Bhairahawa, Lumbini)]<br />
* Kusma (Parbat)<br />
* Burtibang (Baglung)<br />
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<b>Mid-Western Nepal (State 5 &6)</b><br />
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----<span style="color: blue;">under construction</span>----<br />
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* Rukumkot (Rukum) <br />
* Chaurjahari
(Rukum)<br />
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----<span style="color: blue;">under constrution</span>---<br />
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* Narayan municipality (Dailekh) <br />
* Sigaudi (Dailekh) [Karnali Highway <b>junction</b>, North to Jumla, South to Surkhet, Terai]<br />
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<hr />
<b>Far-Western Nepal (State 7)</b><br />
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* Mangalsen (Achham) <br />
* Sanfebagar (Achham)<br />
* Dipayal Silgadhi (Doti)<br />
* Amargadhi (Dedeldhura) [Mahakali Highway <b>junction</b>, south to Dhangadhi]<br />
* Patan (Baitadi)<br />
* Dasharathchand (Baitadi)<br />
* Jhulaghat (Baitadi) [<b>ending</b> point]<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">BP Highway (Banepa-Bardibas)</span></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
Bardibas to Kathmadnu (Koteshwor) -- distance : <b>183km</b> (time 5 hr)<br />
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> Bardibas (@ EastWest Hw) - Khurkot Junction(@ Mid-hill hw): 75 kms<br />
> Khurkot- Dhulikhel (BP+ Madhya Pahadi & Araniko hw junction) : 86 kms<br />
> Dhulikhel - Koteshwor, Kathmandu: 25 kms<br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="text-align: start;"></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Kathmandu - Terai Fast-Track </span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div>
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Kathmandu Terai Fast Track (काठमाडौँ तराई द्रुत मार्ग) is a Expressway under construction which joins national capital city Kathmandu to terai flatlands of Nepal within an hour. This project is categorized as a national pride project (राष्ट्र गौरव आयोजना) and expected to complete in 2022.</div>
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The 72.5 km long road will join Khokana suburb of Lilitpur to Nijgadh, Bara in State no 2 Madhesh. There will be 3 tunnels and 87 bridges along the way. The road will be 25 meter wide in hill area and 27 meter wide in the plains. (New DPR, 2019 Aug)<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtM_3P31aCa2q8dzb3zy-AqhHpH9HXp-TpRzT5KjpHrFklqP7WT6bUP-AMslZYpXmxjLs34v6HtY3UERF7XNm-oDq1TFdDsS7XID6TZQ9_SH5uh58rH3s1cQEpf4eHZUyybTDJQRliP3I/s1600/kathmandu+nijgadh+fast+track+expressway+route.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="918" data-original-width="1031" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtM_3P31aCa2q8dzb3zy-AqhHpH9HXp-TpRzT5KjpHrFklqP7WT6bUP-AMslZYpXmxjLs34v6HtY3UERF7XNm-oDq1TFdDsS7XID6TZQ9_SH5uh58rH3s1cQEpf4eHZUyybTDJQRliP3I/s320/kathmandu+nijgadh+fast+track+expressway+route.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Kathmandu Nijgadh Fast-Track Route | karma99.com </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKPUkSZFSVm2NHrbIbfFB72G3eA9d7CX40uldIwTkZVGO7bavvd6RmkXpok0bJPg7dlRm1w_fustCmMCFjA0suIb4TvfXs_LIU_IDuEGUCWUt6N3XoaLaw1yMGNi-n65zufSizDp2H3oU/s1600/ktmnijgarhfasttrack.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="672" data-original-width="1188" height="181" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKPUkSZFSVm2NHrbIbfFB72G3eA9d7CX40uldIwTkZVGO7bavvd6RmkXpok0bJPg7dlRm1w_fustCmMCFjA0suIb4TvfXs_LIU_IDuEGUCWUt6N3XoaLaw1yMGNi-n65zufSizDp2H3oU/s320/ktmnijgarhfasttrack.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Kathmandu Nijgadh fast track (source: The Himalayan Times)</td></tr>
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<b>Timeline</b><br />
<br />
2009 Nov 9: Nepal Army started opening track for fast track.<br />
2013 Mar 10: Nepal army completed the opening of track and handed over to the gov.<br />
2015 Mar 13: Govt. decided to sign agreement to Indian company ILFS to make DPR of fast track.<br />
2015 Jul 31: ILFS made DPR according to which travel time will be under an hour.<br />
2016 Nov 20: KP Oli cabinet cancelled the fast track construction deal with Indian company ILFS. Company DPR had estimated price US $1,117 million for the project.<br />
2016 Dec 22: cabinet formed a panel to study and consult about fast track construction.<br />
2017 Feb 20: 7 member panel formed to study fast track submitted its report to gov, urging it to run the project on its own investment.<br />
2017 May 4: Prachand cabinet decided to give responsibility to construct fast track to Nepal Army.<br />
2017 May 28: PM Prachanda laid foundation of fast track. It is expected to be constructed in 4 years.<br />
2017 June 13: Nepal Army begin field assessment.<br />
2017 June 22: Deuba cabinet endorsed the work procedure of fast track.<br />
2017 Aug 11: govt officially handed over the fast track project to Nepal Army.<br />
2017 Sep 20: Nepal Army said it will amend the DPR to reduce the height of bridges.<br />
2017 Dec 13: Nepal army started tree cutting in Nijgadh sector for fast track.<br />
2018 Jan 1: Army said fast tack is expedited.<br />
2018 Jan 16: Nepal army announced to make their own DPR for fast track.<br />
2018 Mar: Residents of Khokana, Karyabinayak, Lalitpur protested against the fast-track.(<a href="http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-03-11/khokana-residents-blame-govt-for-displacing-newars.html" target="_blank">li</a>)(<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1kMcizKr3c" target="_blank">li</a>)<br />
2018 May 25: Starting point of fast track may be changed to farsidole because of obstruction of local from khokana. (<a href="https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/05/681656" target="_blank">li</a>)<br />
2018 May 29: Govt allocated budget of about 15.4 arb for the coming fiscal year for the road. budget for current fiscal year is 10.14 arb. Total budget of the fast track is estimated to be 111 arb. (<a href="https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/05/682652" target="_blank">li</a>) Allocation was 1 arb in 2015 and 5 arb 2016. (<a href="https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2016/05/431515" target="_blank">li</a>)<br />
2018 Oct 2: Korean firm Soosung Engineering contracted to make DPR of the project. (<a href="http://english.onlinekhabar.com/kathmandu-nijgadh-fast-track-korean-firm-to-prepare-dpr-in-105-days.html" target="_blank">li</a>)<br />
2019 Feb 4: Korean firm submitted its final DPR report to Nepal Army (<a href="http://english.onlinekhabar.com/korean-firm-submits-kathmandu-nijgadh-fast-track-dpr-to-nepal-army.html" target="_blank">li</a>).<br />
2019 Mar 15: Nepal army completed completed track work on 54 km of the 76.2km long highway.<br />
2019 Sep 28: DPR approved by Govt became public. Khokana will be starting point. The 72.5 km long highway can be driven in 1 hr 2 min. Total investment will be 175 arb (<a href="https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/08/791822" target="_blank">li</a>).<br />
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<br />
<b>Route (72.5 km)</b><br />
<u>Along the Bagmati River</u>:<br />
Khokana, Lalitpur (Karyabinayak Municipality)<br />
Chalnakhel, Kathandu (Dakshinkali Municipality)<br />
Daksinkali, Kathmandu (Dakshinkali Municipality)<br />
Sisneri, Makwanpur (Indrasarobar Gaupalika)<br />
Ipa Gadhi, Makwanpur (Bhimphedi Gaupalika)<br />
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<u>Tunnels:</u><br />
Mahadev hill 3.36 km,<br />
Dhedre 1.63 km,<br />
Len hill 1.43km<br />
<br />
Chhatiwan, Makwanpur (Bakaiya Gaupalika)<br />
Dhiyal, Makwanpur (Bakaiya Gaupalika)<br />
Ratanpuri, Bara (Nijgadh Municipality)<br />
Lal gaun, Bara (Nijgadh Municipality)<br />
Nijgadh Nagarpalika, Bara @ East-West Highway<br />
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<b>Link: </b><a href="https://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/fasttrack/home">https://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/fasttrack/home</a><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Kathmandu-Hetauda Tunnel Way </span></b><br />
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It was a proposed road of about 58 kms long including 3.67 km long tunnel between Sisneri and Bhimphedi. This Tunnel-way would connect Kathmandu and Hetauda within 1 hour driving time. Nepal Infrastructure Development Company Ltd (NIDCL) was the constructer of the project. The original estimated cost of the project was 37 Billion NPR. NIDCL collected 317.6 million NPR from the public. In 2013 Dec NIDCL started initial track opening. But the financial mismanagement and fight between the board members damaged the project. In 2017 Sep, Infrastructure minister Bir Bahadur Balayar cancelled the permit given to NIDCL as being too late. (<a href="https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2017/09/625229" target="_blank">li</a>) (<a href="https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2017/09/625423" target="_blank">li</a>)(<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=49&v=wf0b8ovYHHs" target="_blank">YouTube</a>)<br />
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Board Presidents: कृष्णलाल केसी, भवन भट्ट, कुशकुमार जोशी // नेपाल पूर्वाधार विकास कम्पनी लिमिटेड<br />
Other Board Members: प्रदिपजंग पाण्डे, जयराम लामिछाने, बिक्रम पाण्डे (RPP), सुकुन्तलाल हिराचन, सुवासभन्द्र ठकुरी (local falilitator), नुगल आनन्द बैद्य, खुस्बु श्रेष्ठ, राजुमान महर्जन, मोहन बस्नेत<br />
CEO: सुवर्णलाल बज्राचार्य, सनत न्यौपाने<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Kerung - Kathmandu Road </span></b><b style="text-align: justify;"><font color="#3367d6"></font></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div>
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The Kerung Rasuwagadi border was used for mutual transaction between Nepal and Tibet (China) for hundreds of years. But it was formally opened for bilateral trade in 2014 Dec as the alternative to the Tatopani border. When 2015 earthquake fully blocked Tatopani border, Kerung border emerged as the main trading point. In 2017 Aug 30, Keyrung border declared as the international border allowing citizens from third countries to cross as well.<br />
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The Kathmandu-Kerung route can be divided into two segments: Kathmandu to Betrawoti, and Betrawoti to Kerung.<br />
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There are three roads available for Kathmandu-Betrawoti segment.<br />
<br />
1. Balaju (ring road) - Kakani - Bidur - Betrawoti : 74kms<br />
2. Kalanki (ring road) - Thankot - Galchhi - Bidur - Betrawoti : 80kms<br />
3. Samakhusi (ring road) - Tokha - Sunkhani - Bidur - Betrawoti : 58 kms<br />
<br />
Roads available for Betrawoti-Kerung segment: (<a href="https://setopati.com/social/150161" target="_blank">li</a>)<br />
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1. Betrawoti - Dhunche - Syafrubesi (54kms) - Kerung (+15kms)<br />
2. Betrawoti - Mailung - Syafrubesi (31kms) - Kerung (+15kms) along Trisuli, under construction<br />
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<b>Nepal-China Train</b><br />
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China completed Lhasa-Shigatse railway in 2014 Aug. Shigatse (Xigazê) is the nearest large Chinese city from Nepal. Shigatse-Kerung rail line in Chinese side is under construction and expected to complete by 2022.<br />
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About 100 kms proposed Kerung-Kathmandu railway will join Chinese border town Kerung to Kathmandu. This train line will be 85% underground. This project is the part of OBOR and its estimated cost is about USD 2.5bn. (<a href="http://www.myrepublica.com/news/30488/?categoryId=81" target="_blank">li</a>)<br />
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2018 Jun 21: Nepal & China agreed to built Kerung-Kathmandu rail line in around 7 years during PM Oli's visit to China.<br />
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<b>Tags</b><br />
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Nijgarh, Niggadh, municipality, lalitpur, madhesh, madesh, expressway, highway, freeway, Bimalendra Nidhi, nagarpalika, <span style="text-align: justify;">काठमाडौँ-तराई </span>मधेस<span style="text-align: justify;"> द्रुत मार्ग, </span>काठमाडौँ- हेटौडा सुरुङ मार्ग<br />
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<span style="text-align: justify;">Betrawati, Betrabati, keyrung, Kyirong, Gyirong Town (吉隆镇),</span> Puapalal Highway/ पुष्पलाल लोकमार्ग राजमार्ग, maddhe pahadi lokmarg, madhy lokrajmarg</div>Milanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11569819549234735858noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-76158718752532264482015-01-01T12:37:00.001-08:002023-03-17T03:19:59.609-07:00Hulaki Rajmarga<div style="text-align: justify;">
Hulaki Rajmarga or Hulaki Highway (हुलाकी राजमार्ग) is a long time under construction highway of about 1,700 kms in terai plains which aims to connect eastern part of Nepal to the far western part. Most of time this highway will run very near to the Indo-Nepal border and somehow parallel to the present East-West highway which also runs through terai plains but about 20 miles north. Since the government keeps changing the route, the expected length of this highway is fluctuating between 1,663km to 1,792km. (<a href="https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/05/682675" target="_blank">li</a>,<a href="https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2017/12/646663" target="_blank">li</a>)<br />
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A similar highway named Madhya-Pahadi Lokmarga (mid-hill highway) is under construction which will also connect eastern Nepal to far western region but it runs further north through the hilly districts. </div>
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Related: <a href="http://www.karma99.com/2015/08/madhya-pahadi-lokmarga-mid-hill-highway.html" target="_blank">Mid-Hill Highway</a> </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-UfFfEKHkXEFAv81Mr7g515s0W0wrOlWVp1vxbDIBYBFhnvlTKllC-IS1Q44jA_DzJHqJE4IyCwK7bBiY5-9Z9hO0csFzp5PmEMvq6sJ0SWwN2dBKwIwU2E7pECoR9RYv1hRmiG_XUbU/s1600/highwaynepal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-UfFfEKHkXEFAv81Mr7g515s0W0wrOlWVp1vxbDIBYBFhnvlTKllC-IS1Q44jA_DzJHqJE4IyCwK7bBiY5-9Z9hO0csFzp5PmEMvq6sJ0SWwN2dBKwIwU2E7pECoR9RYv1hRmiG_XUbU/s320/highwaynepal.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Background</b></div>
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Literally, Hulaki means Postal in Nepali language. During the Rana regime (1846-1951) the Hulaki route was used to transport Mails by postman. When the Mahendra Highway was planned in 1970s Hulaki route was one of the route proposed for the Highway. But the developers at that time decided to run the highway little bit north through the foothills of chure.</div>
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<b>Highway points / Junctions </b></div>
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Many parts of the Hulaki highway is already existed in different names. These are the key points and districts on the way of Hulaki Highway.</div>
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<b><u>State 1</u></b></div>
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<b>Jhapa</b> : Bhadrapur (galgalia, India), Gauriganj</div>
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<b>Morang</b>: Rangeli, Biratnagar</div>
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<b>Sunsari:</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><u>State 2</u></b></div>
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<b>Saptrai</b>: Rajbiraj, Shambhunath</div>
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<b>Siraha</b></div>
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<b>Dhanusha</b>: Janakpur</div>
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<b>Mahottari</b>: Jaleshwor, Balawa, Sarpallo</div>
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<b>Sarlahi</b>: Malangawa, Ishwarpur</div>
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<b>Rautahat</b></div>
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<b>Bara</b>: Ghadimai, Kalaiya</div>
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<b>Parsa</b>: Birgunj<br />
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<b><u>State 3</u></b></div>
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<b>Chitwan</b>: Thori, Madi, Meghauli<br />
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<b><u>State 4 & 5</u></b></div>
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<b>Nawalparasi</b>: Tribeni Susta, Bardaghat, Parasi</div>
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<b>Rupendehi</b>: Bhairahawa </div>
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<b>Kapilvastu</b>: Kapilvastu, Bahadurganj</div>
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<b>Dang</b>:</div>
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<b>Banke</b>: Nepalgunj</div>
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<b>Bardiya</b>: Gulariya, Rajapur<br />
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<b><u>State 7</u></b></div>
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<b>Kailali</b>: Dhangadhi, Bhajani Trishakti</div>
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<b>Kanchanpur</b>: Belauri, Mahakali Jholunge Bridge, Chandani-Dodhara</div>
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<b>Hulaki Road (Feeders)</b> </div>
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Hulaki Road are the feeders that connect Hulaki Highway and Mahendra Highway. There are 19 hulaki feeders in terai districts.<br />
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<b>Role of India</b><br />
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Indian PM Chandrashekhar had given assurance to construct Hulaki Rajmarg in 20 terai districts in 2047 BS but the paper agreement was finalized only after 14 years in 2061 BS. According to the the agreement 'consultants' and 'construction contractors' had to be Indian national. Since then only 64.84 Km road has been blacktopped (कालोपत्रे) among total 1,792.42 Km in 12 years. There are total 149 bridges planned but only 58 are under construction. Indian Contractors of different road segments have already left the sites. (<a href="http://www.onlinekhabar.com/2016/04/420247/" target="_blank">L</a>)<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbl2BIC0FNgsm8_XXM472GiqSmmn4oulWnc4vNMg6cIrkxM1QpjqbUJusCGSxTaPDq1FnpL1mAuea8R5FUmNMXNsc8gjfcrlPGW2LmaedL6_ljM13JVkYWCTO9b0cQIqfHww2E6V3cuFg/s1600/13101241_1064374080285832_1910305205_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbl2BIC0FNgsm8_XXM472GiqSmmn4oulWnc4vNMg6cIrkxM1QpjqbUJusCGSxTaPDq1FnpL1mAuea8R5FUmNMXNsc8gjfcrlPGW2LmaedL6_ljM13JVkYWCTO9b0cQIqfHww2E6V3cuFg/s320/13101241_1064374080285832_1910305205_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hulaki Rajmarga (source: onlinekhabar.com)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<b>References</b><br />
<br />
http://www.onlinekhabar.com/2016/04/420247/<br />
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Tags: Mahendra Highway</div>
Milanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11569819549234735858noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-23382779143405229662014-10-23T08:44:00.005-07:002023-06-21T11:31:53.724-07:00Bahun People<div style="text-align: justify;">
Bahun (बाहुन) is one of the ethnic group in Nepal. The word Bahun is a colloquial word for Nepali hills Brahmana (ब्राह्मण). Its translated as Brahmin in English. In Nepal, there are also two other small Brahman groups. <a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/05/newar.html" target="_blank">Newar</a> and Madheshi people also have their own Brahmin caste.<br />
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Literally, Sanskrit world Brahman (ब्रह्मन्) means the ultimate reality which does not change at and beyond the world. Whereas Brahmin (ब्राह्मण) is a person who understands ultimate reality and the god. It is said that in the ancient Hindu Varna System (हिन्दू वर्ण व्यवस्था) people used to be categorized into different caste according to their personal characteristics, conduct, and spiritual development. Brahmins were expected to be intellectual, civilized, and elegant. All intellectuals, teachers, priests, scientists, philosophers who have such qualities used to be categorized as Brahmin. But when Verna System changed into Caste System (जति प्रथा) everything messed up. In the caste system, people are categorized according to their birth, not by their character. </div>
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According to the 2011 Census, 12.2% (3.2 million) of the population are Bahun in Nepal. Bahun itself is categorized into two parts: Purbiya (eastern) and Kumai; whereas both of them are further categorized into Upadhaya and Jaisi sub-caste.<br />
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<b><u>Jaisi Bahun</u>:-</b> Jaisi Bahun is another form of Nepali brahmin caste. Traditionally Jaisi bahuns are not permitted to do the Vedic karma kand but can practice Jyotish Shastra and be readers of Puran. All of Jaisis are ultimately originated from Upadhaya. Due to some reasons, they were changed to Jaisis from the lineage. Some cases when the descendants changed to be Jaisis were (a) children of a Upadhaya Bahun and a widow woman (b) children from marriage not following proper ritual (Unkanyadan marriages) eg. eloping with a lover etc. Children of a Jaisi couple are also considered to be Jaisi.<br />
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<b>Kumai Bahun:- </b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma";"><span style="font-size: 14px;">Originally people from the Kumaon and Garwhal region, which used to be part of Nepal, and now in Uttarakhand, India, are considered Kumai. </span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 14px;">They are of Khas origin. In some sense, they are also considered Bahun. And like the eastern Bahun system, they are also categorized into two subcastes: Upadhaya and Jaisi. But in general practice today in the eastern part of Nepal people generally ask if they are Upadhaya, Jaisi, or Kumai. Today Kumai can be found heavily in the western part of Nepal as well as eastern districts like Jhapa. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 14px;">Kumai is considered more clever as there is a proverb in Nepali "Kumai ko ghumai" (</span><span style="font-family: "tahoma";"><span style="font-size: 14px;">कुमाईको घुमाई)</span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 14px;"> means Trap of Kumai.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>List of Purbiya Bahun Last names :-</b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Acharya (आचार्य), Aryal/Arjyal, </span></span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Adhikari (अधिकारी), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Baral (बराल), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Banskota (बाँस्कोटा), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Banstola (बाँस्तोला), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Bhandari (भण्डारी), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Bhattarai (भट्टराई), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Chaulagai (चम्लागाईं), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Chapagain (चापागाईं), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Dahal (दाहाल), </span></span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Devkota (देवकोटा), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Dhungel (ढुंगेल), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Ghimire (घिमिरे), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Guragain (गुरागाईं), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Humagain (हुमागाईं), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Khanal (खनाल), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Koirala (कोइराला), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Lamsal/Lamshal (लम्साल), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Nepal (नेपाल), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Pokharel (पोखरेल), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Poudel (पौडेल), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Rijal (रिजाल), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Sigdel (सिग्देल), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Sanjel (संजेल)</span></div>
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<b>List of Kumai Bahun Last Names :- </b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Awasthi (अवस्थी), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Bhatta (भट्ट), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Bhetwal (भेटुवाल), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Bista (बिष्ट), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Chiluwal (चिलुवाल), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Gyawali (ज्ञवाली), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Joshi (जोशी), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Kadel/Kandel (कंडेल/कडेल), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Kharel (खरेल), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Lohani (लोहोनी), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Mainali (मैनाली), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Oli (ओली), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Pandey (पाँडे/पाण्डे), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Paneru (पनेरु), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Panta (पन्त), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Pathak (पाठक), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Prasai (प्रसाईं), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Regmi (रेग्मी), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Sangraula (संग्रौला), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Sedhai (सेढाई), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Shiwakoti/siwakoti (शिवाकोटी), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Simkhada (सिम्खडा), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Sitaula (सिटौला), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Thapaliya (थपलिया), </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Upreti (उप्रेती), Tripathi (त्रिपाठी)</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><b style="font-family: Times; font-size: medium;"></b></span>
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<b><u>Nepali Bhramin people of other race</u>:-</b><br />
* <b>Madheshi Brahmin</b>/Mithila Brahmin (मधेसी बाहुन): Jha, Mishra, Thakur</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">[Mahottari & Dhanusha districts] </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Nepal census 2011 Terai Brahman are 134,106 (0.5%). (मधेसी ब्राह्मण: तराई ब्राह्मण, कायस्त, नुराङ, राजपुत)</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">* <b>Newa Brahmin</b>: Deo Brahmin (Rajopadhyaya), Maithil Brahmin (Jha, Mishra, Bhatta). According to the Nepal census, the 2011 total population of Newar is 1,321,933 (5%). But there is no separate data of Newar brahmin.<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />
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<b><u>Indian Brahmin culture</u>:-</b><br />
There are mainly two groups of brahmins in India having 5 different brahmins cluster in each group. The northern group of brahmins is known as Pancha-Gauda and the southern is known as Pancha-Dravida.<br />
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<u>Pancha-Gauda</u>:- * Gauda * Kannaujia (central India) * Maithila (Bihar-India & Madhesh-Nepal) * Utkala (Orissa) * Saraswat Brahmin<br />
<u>Pancha-Dravida</u>:- * Gurjara (Gujarati) * Maharashtraka (Maharashtrian) [Vyawahare, Vyas, Kulkarni, Pathak, Phadke, Karandikar, etc] * Karnataka (Kannada) * Talianga (Telugu) * Dravida (Tamil Nadu and Kerala) [Iyer, Sastri, Bhattar, etc]<br />
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<u>Other</u>:- </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>*Assamese Brahmins</b> (Sarma, Sharma, Goswami, Thakur, Borthakur, Bordoloi, Bhagawati, Chakraborty, Barua, Baruah, Bezbaruah, Acharya, Acharjee, Bhattacharya)<br />
<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">*<b>Kayastha</b>: Kayastha is usually considered either a Brahmin or a Kshatriya. Sometimes they are placed in between Brahmin and Khestriya as a seperate caste itself. Traditionally, Kayasthas are considered to be keepers of public records and accounts, writers, administrators, etc. The subgroup of Kayastha includes Srivastava, Gaur, Saxena, Mathur, Karan, Nigam, Bhatnagar, Ambashtha, Asthana, Kulshreshtha, Valmiki Kayastha, and Surajdhwaj Kayastha. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
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<b>Notable Bahun people:-</b><br />
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Bahun people are more prominent in politics and civil administration in Nepal.<br />
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* Current President of Nepal: Bidhya Devi Bhandari<br />
* Current Prime Minister of Nepal: KP Sharma Oli<br />
* Almost all Former PM of Nepal in the democratic era: BP Koirala, Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Girija Prasad Koirala, Man Mohan Adhikari, Puspakamal Dahal (Prachanda), Baburam Bhattarai, Madhav Nepal, Jhala Nath Khanal, Khil Raj Regmi, etc.<br />
* All prime ministers of Rana era: from Jung B Kuwar Rana to Mohan Shamsher JBR.<br />
* Several former Chief Justices: Om Prakash Mishra(2018-2019), Gopal Prasad Parajuli(2017-2018), Damodar Prasad Sharma(2014), Khil Raj Regmi (2011-2014) also PM, Anup Raj Sharma (2010), etc.<br />
* Majority of former chief secretaries (Mukhya Sachib) of Nepal govt: Lok Darshan Regmi (2017-current), Som Lal Subedi (2015-2017), Lila Mani Paudyal (2012-2015), Madhav Prasad Ghimire (2009-2012), Bhoj Raj Ghimire (2006-2009), etc.<br />
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* Literature: Laxmi Prasad Devkota, Bhanu Bhakta Acharya, Moti Ram Bhatta<br />
* Arts & Cinema: Manisha Koirala, Hari Bansa Acharya, Sitaram Kattel & Kunjana Ghimire etc.</div>
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<b>Details of Bahun surnames</b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Dahal Surname</span></b></div>
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Dahal (दाहाल or दहाल) along with Lamsal, Kunwar and Rana belongs to Vatsa Gotra. Dahal is originated from Dullu, Dailekh district. They used to be called "Bhatta" and then "Upadhaya" before Dahal. Dasu Bhatta is believed to be the forefather of the Dahal people.<br />
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FURTHER READING - Source: http://www.hamrakura.com/117981.html#sthash.lFXvug0v.dpbs<br />
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पश्चिम नेपालको दैलेखको दुल्लु दाहालहरुको उद्गम स्थल भएको कुरा दाहाल वंसावलीमा उल्लेख गरिएको छ दाहाल भनिनु अघि दाहालहरु भट्ट भनेर चिनीन्थे पछि पाध्याय, उपाध्याय हुदै दाहाल लेख्न र भन्न थालिएको किवंदन्तीहरुमा उल्लेख छ। दासु भट्टका सन्तानहरु शंकर पाध्याप काभ्रेको नाला आएर बसोबास गरेको र उनीहरु नै अहिलेका दाहालको पुर्खा भएको बताइएको छ। अहिलेसम्म दाहालको २५ पुस्ताको इतिहास फेला परेको छ।<br />
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दाहालहरु दासु भट्टका सन्तान हुन्। लम्साल, रुपाखेती, कुवर, राणा सबै दाहाल नै हुन्। विभिन्न काल खण्डमा आएर दाहालले दोलखामा रोपेको खेत बिर्ता पाएको भएर एकथरी दाहाल रुपाखेती भए। दाहाल भित्रैका लुम्साली बाजेका सन्तान अपभ्रम्स भै हाल लम्सालको रुपमा रहेका छन्। दाहालकै एक सन्तानले मगर जातकी कन्या संग बैबाहिक सम्बन्ध कायम गरेकाले तात्कालीन प्रचलन अनुसार अन्तर्जातीय बिबाह गर्ने वर सुवर नभई कुवर हुन्छ भनि कुवर भन्न थालियो। पछी कुवंर भन्न र लेख्न थालियो। तिनै कुवंर मध्यका बाल नरसिंह कुवंरका सन्तान जंग बहादुर कुवंरले कोतपर्ब पश्चात उपाधि स्वरुप राणा पदवी धारणा गरेका हुन। दाहाल थरको थरको गोत्र वत्स हुन्छ। दाहाल हरुको सगोत्री थर हरु लम्साल, कुँवर, राणा र रुपाखेती हुन्।</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Lamsal Surname</span></b></div>
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Lamsal or Lamshal (लम्साल or लम्शाल or लंसाल) along with Dahal, Kunwar and Rana belong to Vatsa Gotra. There are some different stories about origin of Lamsal people. Some say Lamsals are originated from Lamsu (लम्सु), Dailekh district. Others say that Lamsal, Rupakheti, Rana, Kunwar all belong to Dahal which was originated in Dullu, Dailekh district. Children of a person named Lumsali (लुम्साली) from Dahal family were later known as Lamsal.</div>
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<u>Variations</u></div>
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Raipure Lamsal : Lamsal people from Raipur (<a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2/1596521493899498?fref=nf" target="_blank">FB</a>)<br />
Lumsali (लुम्साली) : mostly found in western Nepal.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">5-Gains (पाँच गाईंहरु)</span></b><br />
5 surnames ending with "gai" or "gain" are collectively known as 5-gais. They are all Bahun surnames but some of them have different gotra. They are:-<br />
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Bajgain (बजगाईं): Mandabya gotra<br />
Chapagain (चापागाईं): Atri gotra<br />
Chamlagain (चम्लागाईं): Bhardwaj gotra<br />
Guragain (गुरागाईं): Dhananjaya gotra<br />
Humagain (हुमागाईं): Dhannajaya gotra<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Pokhrel: Paani Pokhrel & Dudh Pokhrel</b></span><br />
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There are two kinds of pokhrels. Paani pokhrel is Aatreya gotra and Dudh pokharel is Bhardwaj gotra. These two pokharels inter-merry each other.<br />
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read more:- <a href="https://komalprd.wordpress.com/2015/01/12/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE/" target="_blank">link</a><br />
‘सोमनाथ’ आत्रेयहरूका ऐतिहासिक मूलपुरुष हुन् भने काशीदास/कुशभद्रा (वि.सं.९५०) ‘पानी पोखरेल’का मूलपुरुष हुन् । सोमनाथ आत्रेयको जन्म वि.स. ५२० तिर कर्णाटकको मैसुरमा भएको थियो । यिनले गुजरातको सौराष्ट्रमा सोमनाथको भव्य मन्दिर बनाएका थिए । काशीदास/कुशभद्रा (वि.सं.९५०) कन्नौजका राजा थिए । उनि अलाउद्दीन खिल्जीले गद्दीबाट हटाएपछि बाहुनको भेष लिएर नेपाल पसेका थिए । जाजरकोटे राजाको वंशावली, सोम वंशावली, सल्यानी राजाको वंशावली, अज्र्याल वंशावली र गोतामे वंशावलीअनुसार पनि नेपालका सबै अत्रि र आत्रेय गोत्र हुने रैती र राजाका मूल पुर्खा कन्नौजबाट आएको पुष्टि हुन्छ। पुस्ता खुट्याउने क्रममा अहिलेको पुस्ता सोमनाथदेखि ४७ औं पुस्तामा रहेको छ भने काशीदासदेखि ३४ औं पुस्तामा रहेको छ ।<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Dhakal</span></b><br />
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Dhakal belongs to Upamanyu (उपमन्यु) gotra along with Bartaula, Bhatta (duwal), Mainali, Pathak. It is said that dhakal were originated from Dhaku, Gorkha district.<br />
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Read more:- <a href="https://www.facebook.com/wearedhakal/posts/561709487250209" target="_blank">link</a><br />
ढकाल (ढकाल) नेपालमा सर्वत्र पाइने एक ब्राह्मण जातिको थर हो। यिनीहरू ऋषि उपमन्युको प्रत्यक्ष सन्तती भइको विश्वास गरिन्छ , जो ऋषि वशिष्ठको सन्तति रहेका थिए। यिनीहरू पश्चिमी नेपालको गोरखा जिल्लाको ढाकु नामक स्थानमा उत्पन्न भएको मानिन्छ। याकु लामो समय देखि ढकालहरूको विर्ताको रूपमा रहेको मानिएको छ। ढकालहरू नेपाल र भारतको सबै पर्वतीय क्षेत्रहरूमा पाइन्छन। भारतको कनौजा कान्यकुन्ज बाट उपमन्यु गोत्रिय ब्राहमण हालको सेति अैचलको अछाम जिल्लाको आवासयोग्य ढाकामुली भन्ने ठाउमा बसोवास गरेका र अन्यत्र फैलिएका हुन ।<br />
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<u>गाउँका नाउँबाट उत्पत्ति भएका थरहरू</u><br />
<table><tbody>
<tr><td valign="top"><b>जुम्ला</b><br />
गाउँ– थर<br />
धिता– धिताल<br />
पाण्डुसेरा– पाण्डे<br />
सिञ्जा– सिंजापति<br />
चैडिलागाउँ –चौलागाई<br />
प्याकुरी– प्याकुरेल<br />
सिम्खाडा– सिम्खडा<br />
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<b>बाजुरा</b><br />
जमकट्टी– जमरकट्टेल<br />
छाती– छन्त्याल<br />
कुँडी– कुड्याल<br />
बेलकाटे– केलकाटिया<br />
खातिवाडा– खाती<br />
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<b>बैतडी</b><br />
गाजरी– गजुरेल<br />
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<b>डोटी</b><br />
डोटेखेला– डोटेल<br />
निरौली– निरौला<br />
ओझाना– ओझा<br />
बोगटान– बोगटी<br />
मुडभरा–मुडभरी<br />
<b>मुगु</b><br />
खनाया– खनाल<br />
कालैगाउँ– कल्यान<br />
खत्याड– खतिवडा</td><td valign="top"><b>अछाम</b><br />
तिमिल्सैन– तिमिल्सिना, तिम्सिना<br />
घमिराउँ– घिमिरे<br />
देवकोट– देवकोटा<br />
ढुङ्ग्रानी– ढुङ्गाना<br />
ढाँकु– ढकाल<br />
बजगाउँ– बजगाई<br />
रिमा– रिमाल, रसाईली<br />
स्वाँरा– स्वार<br />
घोडासैन– घोडासैनी<br />
पुरासैन– पुडासैनी<br />
धमाली– धमला<br />
दर्ना– दर्नाल<br />
कुइका– कुइँकेल,<br />
चाल्सा– चालिसे<br />
बारला–बराल<br />
लामिसाल– लम्साल<br />
<br />
<b>बझाङ</b><br />
रेगम– रेग्मी<br />
सोत– सोती<br />
खार– खरेल, खराल<br />
सुवाडा–सुबेडा, सुवेदी<br />
बयाना– बनियाँ, बानियाँ<br />
<br />
<b>रुकुम</b><br />
सर्पुकोट–सापकोटा<br />
<br />
<b>दाङ</b><br />
रजौरा– रजौरिया</td><td valign="top"><b>दैलेख</b><br />
लामाछान्नी–लामिछाने<br />
बाँस्कोट–बास्कोटा<br />
बाँस्तोली–बास्तोला<br />
सातला– सत्याल<br />
लुयाटी–लुईटेल<br />
चापागाउँ– चापागाईं<br />
नेपा–नेपाल<br />
रिजु्– रिजाल<br />
पोखर– पोखरेल<br />
लम्सु– लम्साल<br />
लम्जी– लम्जेल<br />
दह– दाहाल, दहाल<br />
गैह्रा–गैह्रे, गैरे<br />
भूर्ति– भूर्तेल<br />
पराजुल–पराजुली<br />
कोइराली–कोइराला<br />
दवाडा– दवाडी<br />
कट्टील–कट्टेल<br />
भुषाकोट– भुषाल<br />
सुइय–सुञेल<br />
वड–वडाल<br />
मोडासैन–मरासैनी,मरासिनी<br />
गुरगाउँ– गुरागाईं<br />
कालिकोट<br />
खिट्किसैन– खिर्सिने<br />
भुतौ– भुर्तेल<br />
राँचु– रुचाल<br />
गेला–गेलाल<br />
वञ्जाडा–वञ्जाडे<br />
बाँझकोट–बाझकोटा</td></tr>
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<b>See Also:-</b></div>
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<ol>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/01/chhettri.html" target="_blank">Chhetri</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/01/dashnami-sanyasi.html" target="_blank">Dashami Sanyasi</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/01/list-of-gotra-and-thari_5.html" target="_blank">List of Gotra & Thari</a></li></ol></div></div></div>
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<b>Dashain mantra - male</b><br />
आयु द्रोण सुते, श्रृयं दशरथे शत्रुक्षयं राधवे । (1)<br />
ऐश्वर्य नहुषे, गतिश्च पवने, मानं च दुर्योधने ॥ (2)<br />
सौर्य शान्तनवे, बलं हलधरे सत्यं च कुन्ती सुते । (3)<br />
विज्ञानं विदुरे भवतु भवतां कीर्तिश्च नारायणे ॥ (4)<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Dashain mantra - female</b><br />
जयन्ती मंगला काली, भद्र-काली कपालिनी।<br />
दुर्गा क्षमा शिवा धात्री, स्वाहा स्वधा नमोस्तुते<br />
सर्वमंगलमांगल्ये शिवे सर्वार्थसाधिके ।<br />
शरण्ये त्र्यंबके गौरी, नारायणि नमोस्तुते ॥<br />
कायेन वाचा मनसेन्द्रियैर्वा ।<br />
बुद्ध्यात्मना वा प्रकृतेः स्वभावात् ॥<br />
करोमि यद्यत्सकलं परस्मै ।<br />
नारायणायेति समर्पयामि ॥<br />
<br />
<b>Gayatri Mantra</b><br />
ॐ भूर्भुवस्व: | तत्सवितुर्वरेण्यम् | भर्गो देवस्य धीमहि | धियो यो न: प्रचोदयात्<br />
<br />
<b>Janai Purnima: नयाँ जनै धारण गर्ने मन्त्र:-</b><br />
यज्ञोपवीतं परमं पवित्रं प्रजापतेर्यत् सहजं पुरस्तात् ।<br />
आयुष्यमग्रयं प्रतिमुञ्चशुभ्रं यज्ञोपवीतं वलमस्तुतेज:।।<br />
जनेन विधिना यस्तु रक्षाबंधनमाचरेत।<br />
स सर्वदोष रहित, सुखी संवतसरे भवेत्।।<br />
ओम यदाबध्नन्दाक्षायणा हिरण्यं, शतानीकाय सुमनस्यमाना:।<br />
तन्मSआबध्नामि शतशारदाय, आयुष्मांजरदृष्टिर्यथासम्।।<br />
<br />
<b>Rakshya Sutra (रक्षासूत्र) - डोरो / रक्षाबन्धन बाँध्ने बेला भनिने मन्त्र :- </b><br />
येन बद्धो वलीराजा दानवेन्द्रो महावल: ।<br />
तेन त्वां प्रतिबध्नामि रक्षे मा चल मा चल ।।<br />
<br />
<b>Bhagwati Strotra (भगवती स्तोत्र) - Strotram</b><br />
जय भगवति देवि नमो वरदे, जय पापविनाशिनि बहुफलदे ।<br />
जय शुम्भनिशुम्भकपालधरे, प्रणमामि तु देवि नरार्तिहरे ॥१॥<br />
<br />
जय चन्द्रदिवाकरनेत्रधरे, जय पावकभूषितवक्त्रवरे ।<br />
जय भैरवदेहनिलीनपरे, जय अन्धकदैत्यविशोषकरे ॥२॥<br />
<br />
जय महिषविमर्दिनि शुलकरे, जय लोकसमस्तकपापहरे ।<br />
जय देवि पितामहविष्णुनते, जय भास्करशक्रशिरोऽवनते ॥३॥<br />
<br />
जय षण्मुखसायुध ईशनुते, जय सागरगामिनि शम्भुनुते<br />
जय दुःखदरिद्रविनाशकरे, जय पुत्रकलत्रविवृद्धिकरे ॥४॥<br />
<br />
जय देवि समस्तशरीरधरे, जय नाकविदर्शिनि दुःखहरे ।<br />
जय व्याधिविनाशिनि मोक्षकरे, जय वाञ्छितदायिनि सिद्धिवरे ॥५॥<br />
<br />
एतद्व्यासकृतं स्तोत्रं, यः पठेन्नियतः शुचि ।<br />
गृहे वा शुद्धभावेन, प्रीता भगवती सदा ॥६॥</div><div><br /></div><div><b>SHIVA TANDAV STROTAM</b></div><div><div>जटा टवी गलज्जल प्रवाह पावितस्थले</div><div>गलेऽवलम्ब्य लम्बितां भुजङ्ग तुङ्ग मालिकाम्</div><div>डमड्डमड्डमड्डमन्निनाद वड्डमर्वयं</div><div>चकार चण्डताण्डवं तनोतु नः शिवः शिवम्</div><div>जटा कटा हसंभ्रम भ्रमन्निलिम्प निर्झरी</div><div>विलो लवी चिवल्लरी विराजमान मूर्धनि</div><div>धगद् धगद् धगज्ज्वलल् ललाट पट्ट पावके</div><div>किशोर चन्द्र शेखरे रतिः प्रतिक्षणं मम:</div><div>धरा धरेन्द्र नंदिनी विलास बन्धु बन्धुरस्</div><div>फुरद् दिगन्त सन्तति प्रमोद मानमानसे</div><div>कृपा कटाक्ष धोरणी निरुद्ध दुर्धरापदि</div><div>क्वचिद् दिगम्बरे मनो विनोदमेतु वस्तुनि</div><div>जटा भुजङ्ग पिङ्गलस् फुरत्फणा मणिप्रभा</div><div>कदम्ब कुङ्कुमद्रवप् रलिप्तदिग्व धूमुखे</div><div>मदान्ध सिन्धुरस् फुरत् त्वगुत्तरीयमे दुरे</div><div>मनो विनोद मद्भुतं बिभर्तु भूतभर्तरि</div><div>ॐ नमः शिवायः</div><div>सदा शिवम् भजाम्यहम्</div><div>सदा शिवम् भजाम्यहम्</div><div>ॐ नमः शिवायः</div><div>सहस्र लोचनप्रभृत्य शेष लेखशेखर</div><div>प्रसून धूलिधोरणी विधूस राङ्घ्रि पीठभूः</div><div>भुजङ्ग राजमालया निबद्ध जाटजूटक</div><div>श्रियै चिराय जायतां चकोर बन्धुशेखरः</div><div>ललाट चत्वरज्वलद् धनञ्जयस्फुलिङ्गभा</div><div>निपीत पञ्चसायकं नमन्निलिम्प नायकम्</div><div>सुधा मयूखले खया विराजमानशेखरं</div><div>महाकपालिसम्पदे शिरो जटालमस्तु नः</div><div>कराल भाल पट्टिका धगद् धगद् धगज्ज्वल</div><div>द्धनञ्जयाहुती कृतप्रचण्ड पञ्चसायके</div><div>धरा धरेन्द्र नन्दिनी कुचाग्र चित्रपत्रक</div><div>प्रकल्प नैक शिल्पिनि त्रिलोचने रतिर्मम</div><div>नवीन मेघ मण्डली निरुद् धदुर् धरस्फुरत्त</div><div>कुहू निशीथि नीतमः प्रबन्ध बद्ध कन्धरः</div><div>निलिम्प निर्झरी धरस् तनोतु कृत्ति सिन्धुरः</div><div>कला निधान बन्धुरः श्रियं जगद् धुरंधरः</div><div>ॐ...</div><div>प्रफुल्ल नीलपङ्कज प्रपञ्च कालिम प्रभा</div><div>वलम्बि कण्ठकन्दली रुचिप्रबद्ध कन्धरम्</div><div>स्मरच्छिदं पुरच्छिदं भवच्छिदं मखच्छिदं</div><div>गजच्छि दांध कच्छिदं तमंत कच्छिदं भजे</div><div>अखर्व सर्व मङ्गला कला कदंब मञ्जरी</div><div>रस प्रवाह माधुरी विजृंभणा मधुव्रतम्</div><div>स्मरान्तकं पुरान्तकं भवान्तकं मखान्तकं</div><div>गजान्त कान्ध कान्त कं तमन्त कान्त कं भजे</div><div>ॐ...</div><div>जयत् वदभ्र विभ्रम भ्रमद् भुजङ्ग मश्वस</div><div>द्विनिर्ग मत् क्रमस्फुरत् कराल भाल हव्यवाट्</div><div>धिमिद्धिमिद्धिमिध्वनन्मृदङ्गतुङ्गमङ्गल</div><div>ध्वनिक्रमप्रवर्तित प्रचण्डताण्डवः शिवः</div><div>स्पृषद्विचित्रतल्पयोर्भुजङ्गमौक्तिकस्रजोर्</div><div>गरिष्ठरत्नलोष्ठयोः सुहृद्विपक्षपक्षयोः</div><div>तृष्णारविन्दचक्षुषोः प्रजामहीमहेन्द्रयोः</div><div>समप्रवृत्तिकः कदा सदाशिवं भजाम्यहम्</div><div>कदा निलिम्पनिर्झरी निकुञ्जकोटरे वसन्</div><div>विमुक्तदुर्मतिः सदा शिरः स्थमञ्जलिं वहन्</div><div>विमुक्तलोललोचनो ललामभाललग्नकः</div><div>शिवेति मंत्रमुच्चरन् कदा सुखी भवाम्यहम्</div><div>इदम् हि नित्यमेवमुक्तमुत्तमोत्तमं स्तवं</div><div>पठन्स्मरन्ब्रुवन्नरो विशुद्धिमेतिसंततम्</div><div>हरे गुरौ सुभक्तिमाशु याति नान्यथा गतिं</div><div>विमोहनं हि देहिनां सुशङ्करस्य चिंतनम्</div><div>विमोहनं हि देहिनां सुशङ्करस्य चिंतनम्</div><div>विमोहनं हि देहिनां सुशङ्करस्य चिंतनम्</div><div>ॐ...</div><div>ॐ नमः शिवायः (नमः शिवायः)</div><div>ॐ नमः शिवायः (नमः शिवायः)</div><div>ॐ नमः शिवायः (नमः शिवायः)</div></div><div><div><hr style="text-align: start;" /><div></div></div><div><div><b>Tags</b>: Nepali brahmin surnames list</div></div></div>
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Milanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11569819549234735858noreply@blogger.com25tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-51636462597203651272014-10-22T02:23:00.001-07:002023-03-17T03:20:39.900-07:00Chhettri People<div style="text-align: justify;">
Chhetri or Chhettri or Kshetri or Khatri (क्षेत्री, छेत्री) are all derivatives of Kshatriya in Nepal.<br />
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It is said that in ancient Hindu Varna System (हिन्दू वर्ण व्यवस्था) people used to be categorized in to different caste according to their personal characteristics, conduct and spiritual development. Kshatriya were expected to be warrior, fighter and ruler people. All kings, ministers, army-men were given the title "Kshatriya". But when Verna System changed into Caste System (जति प्रथा) everything messed up. In caste system people are categorized according to their birth not by their character. Present day chhettri people are believed to be the decedents of the ancient Kshatriya.</div>
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Five Chhetris were given the title "Kaji" by Prithivi Narayan Shah. They are: Basnet, Kuwar, Pandey, Thapa and Bisht. Nepali word "Kaji" can be translated as Minister into English.</div>
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Thakuri are sometimes considered to be a sub-caste of Chhetri. But many Thakuri people do not accept that. Socially a perception has developed where people who claim to be Thakuri feel superior to Chhettri caste or at least different from them.<br />
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List of chhettri last names:-<br />
<ol>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Chhetri (Kshatriya) - may be used by all</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Karki (revenue officer)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Khadka (sword-bearer)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Bisht (baron/distinguished)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Thapa (Officer)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Katwal (the messanger to people)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Bogati (special kings messengers)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Khatri (KC)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Kunwar / Rana</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Basnet / Basnyat</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Gharti-Chhetri (G.C.)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Khatri-Chhetri (K.C.)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Budhathoki</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Baruwal</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Rawal</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Rayamajhi</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Sanjel</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Silwal</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Pandey</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Dangi (DC)</li>
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<b>Thakuri people</b><br />
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<span style="text-align: justify;">Thakuri (ठकुरी) is generally considered as one the Pahadi (पहाडी) race in Nepal. According to 2011 census, Thakuri population in Nepal is 425,623. (</span><a href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf" style="text-align: justify;" target="_blank">Link1</a><span style="text-align: justify;">) According to joshuaproject 98.71% of Thakuri people believe in Hinduism and majority of them speak Nepali as the first language. (</span><a href="https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/18261/NP" style="text-align: justify;" target="_blank">Link2</a><span style="text-align: justify;">) Majority of Thakuri people live in mid and far western regions of Nepal. (</span><a href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf" style="text-align: justify;" target="_blank">Link1</a><span style="text-align: justify;">)</span></div>
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<b style="color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;">List of Thakuri Last names</b></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;">Thakuri (ठकुरी),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Bam (बम),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Banshi (बंसी),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Barma (बर्मा),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Chand (चन्द),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Chauhan (चौहान),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Dev (देव),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Hamal (हमाल),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Khand (खाँड),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Malla (मल्ल),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Paal (पाल),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Rathore (राठोर),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Raya (राय),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Samal (समाल),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Sen (सेन),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Shah (शाह),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Shahi (शाही),</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Singh (सिंह)</li>
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<b>References</b></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://ecs.com.np/features/where-have-all-the-mallas-gone-the-descendants-of-the-mallas" target="_blank">ECSNepal: Where Have All The Mallas Gone? </a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://royalnepal.synthasite.com/the-malla-dynasty.php" target="_blank">Royal Nepal : Malla Dynasty was a Newari Dynasty</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://peeksinthepast.blogspot.com/2012/06/in-search-of-meaning-of-word-thakuri.html" target="_blank">In search of the meaning of a word : Thakuri</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a class="ot-anchor aaTEdf" dir="ltr" href="http://www.historynepal.com/2010/02/lichchhavi-kings.html" jslog="10929; track:click" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; color: #404040; cursor: pointer; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.218s ease 0s;" target="_blank">http://www.historynepal.com/2010/02/lichchhavi-kings.html</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><a class="ot-anchor aaTEdf" dir="ltr" href="http://www.telegraphnepal.com/national/2014-02-27/nepal-kings:-anshuverma-and-narendra-dev.html" jslog="10929; track:click" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; color: #404040; cursor: pointer; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.218s ease 0s;" target="_blank">http://www.telegraphnepal.com/national/2014-02-27/nepal-kings:-anshuverma-and-narendra-dev.html</a></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px;">The Indian Antiquary, volume 7, Published March 1878, by popular prakashan </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px;">(link: </span><a class="ot-anchor aaTEdf" dir="ltr" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yR3mAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA90&lpg=PA90&dq=ansu+verma+king+thakuri&source=bl&ots=siU69aiEuE&sig=Rvxtk9ShNQrHJ7m8IzcMEIKlxcc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=C5hjVeucFYHfsQX2o4Fw&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=ansu%20verma%20king%20thakuri&f=false" jslog="10929; track:click" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; color: #404040; cursor: pointer; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.218s ease 0s;" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=yR3mAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA90&lpg=PA90&dq=ansu+verma+king+thakuri&source=bl&ots=siU69aiEuE&sig=Rvxtk9ShNQrHJ7m8IzcMEIKlxcc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=C5hjVeucFYHfsQX2o4Fw&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=ansu%20verma%20king%20thakuri&f=false</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px;">)</span></li>
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Tags: Thakuri in Nepal</div>
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Karki Surname</h3>
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Karki (कार्की) is believed to be derived from "Kar" which means Revenue in Nepali language. It is said that the descendents of the people who worked as a revenue officer were later called Karki. Different Karkis have different Gotras. So we can sometimes find a Karki marrying another Karki.<br />
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It is said that the Mudula Karkis in the western Nepal neither celebrate <a href="http://www.karma99.com/2014/10/5-days-of-tihar.html" style="color: #344974; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Bhaitika</a> nor do Gai Puja. But in the east they usually observe Bhaitika but they also don't worship cow.<br />
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List of different Karkis and their gotras:-<br />
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Lama Karki : Parasar Gotra (परासर) / Khulal Karki : Dhananjaya Gotra (धनञ्जय)<br />
Mudula Karki : Maudagalya Gotra (मौद्गल्य)/ Sutar Karki : Ghrita Kaushik Gotra (घृत कौशिक)<br />
Rume Karki/ Sijapati karki/ Khapatari Karki / Godar karki<br />
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<u>FURTHER READING </u><br />
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<b>हामी मुडुला कार्कीहरुको उत्पत्ति कसरी भयो र हामी मुडुला कार्की कसरी भयौं ?</b><br />
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लेखक : नेत्र राज कार्की<br />
हाल : मलेसिया<br />
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सत्य युगमा हाम्रा पुर्खाहरुले माहायज्ञ गराउन चहानु भएछ र त्यस माहायज्ञलाइ सम्पन्न पार्न गुरु पुरहित र पन्डितको आबसेक्ता पर्दछ।त्यस अनुसा नै यज्ञको तिथि मिति तोकियछ। तथापि तेहि तिथिमा दुई ठाउँमा यज्ञ संपन्न गर्नु पर्ने अबस्था आयछ।दुबै ठाउँमा एक जना पन्डिले नभ्याउने भए। तेसपछि हाम्रो पुर्खाले गर्नलागेको यज्ञमा आफ्नो नाबालक छोरालाई पठादिनु भए छ। ती नाबालक पन्डित लाई बेद पढ्न समेत आउदैन थियो ।अब यस्तो परिस्थितिमा यज्ञ कसरी सम्पन्न पार्ने त भनी सोच बिचार गर्न थाल्नुभयो सबैमा निरासको बाताबरण सिर्जना भयो। अब यसरी हुदैन भनी नाबालक पन्डित लाई अगाडि राखेर आफै धोती पटुका फेरि बेद पढ्न सुरुगर्नु भयो।</div>
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सत्य युगमा कुनै पनि यज्ञ गर्दा बेद पढेर नै यज्ञको अग्नि कुण्डमा आगो जनमिन्थ्यो ।तर त्यो यज्ञमा हाम्रा पुर्खाले जतिसुकै बेद बढदा पनि यज्ञ कुण्डमा आगो नजन्मिए पछी अब अनर्थ हुने भो भनी निराश हुनुभयो । अब यो त सारै अनर्थ हुने भो अब के उपाय गर्ने त भन्दै झट्ट आफ्नो टुपी उखालेर अग्नि कुण्डमा होमनु भयछ। फलस्वरूप यज्ञको अग्नि कुण्डमा आगो जन्मिए छ र चिताएको कार्य पनि सफल भयो। यसरी आफ्नो टुपी होम गरेको हुनाले टाउको मुडुलो भयो तर उता कार्य सिद्ध भयो ।यसरी नै टाउको मुडुलो पारी कार्य सिद्ध पारेको हुदा हामी मुडुला कार्की भएको हौं भन्ने किम्मदन्ती भनाइ छ।</div>
Source: http://www.mudulakarki.com/2015/07/blog-post.html<br />
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<b style="font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4;">मुडुला कार्कीहरुको उत्पत्ति कसरी भयो ?</b><br />
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लेखक : विश्व कार्की<br />
बुटवल,कपिलबस्तु, नेपाल<br />
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बाइसी चौबिसे राज्यको पाला पश्चिम् अछाम,जाजरकोटमा सानातिना राज्यमा राजा हुने चलन थियो रे एउटा राज्यमा राजा आज लिएर राखेर भोलि बिहान राजा जिउँदो हुदैन थियो रे यसै क्रममा एउटा राजा लिन जाने क्रममा ५ जना कार्की,३जना कुवंर,२जना घर्ती यसै गरि विभिन्न जाती थर भएका मानिसहरु गएछन।बिच बाटोहरुमा बास बस्दै ७/८दिन लगाएर राजा लिएर आएछन। भोलि बिहान राजाको अवस्य मृत्यु भएको होला अब अवस्य मलामी जाने होला भनी त्यो राज्य भित्रका मानिसहरु दरबारमा पुग्दा राजा जिबितै रहेछन्।</div>
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सबै मानिसहरु राजा जिबित अवस्थामा देख्दा खुशीले गदगद भए।राजाले सबै राज्यका मानिसहरुलाइ राज्यबासिका नाममा सम्बोधन गरे। सोही क्रममा घर्तिहरुले डाेलिमा बोकेर राम्रोसंग बोकेका रहेछन् ।ती राम्रोगरी डाेलि बोक्ने घर्तिलाइ "डाेले घर्ती",डाेलि बोक्दा अलि अल्छी गर्ने घर्तिलाइ "के के",खाना पकाउदा आगो ओझाउने कुवंरलाइ "ओझा कुवंर",त्यसैगरि आगो फुग्दा चुलोमा बस्दा एउटा कुवंरको निधार भरी खरानी लागेको रहेछ उसलाई "योगि कुवंर",खाना पकाउने बेलामा एउटा कार्की सुतेको रहेछ त्यस कार्कीलाई सुतुवा कार्की (अपभ्रम)भएर "सुतार कार्की",एउटा झार्फुक गर्ने धामीझाँक्री गर्ने कार्की "लामा कार्की", नुन एकदम कम खाने कार्कीलाई "अल्नो कार्की", खाना पकाउन बस्दा कपाल फालेको टोपी नलगाएको कार्की "मुडुला कार्की" यसै गरि के के गरेको खुलाल कार्की भएको किम्बदन्ती बुढापाका बुवाआमाहरुबाट सुनेको थिए।</div>
Source: http://www.mudulakarki.com/2015/07/blog-post_3.html</div>
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Khadka Surname</h3>
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Khadka (खड्का or खँड्का) is one of the surname from Nepal. Most of Khadka are chhettri. But we can also find some <a href="http://www.karma99.com/2014/10/list-of-janajati-surnames.html" style="color: #344974;" target="_blank">Magar</a> khadka. The word "khadka" is believed to be originated from Sanskrit work Khadga (खड्ग) which means Sward. So treditionally Kshetriya people who used to be fight with sward in the war were then called Khadka (खड्का) or sward bearer.</div>
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"Kingdom of Gorkha" used to be ruled by magar khadka kings before Shah dynasty. Mansingh Khadka Magar was the last ghale king of gorkha until 27 Sept 1559 AD who was replaced by king Drabya Shah, ancestor of The Great King Prithvi Narayan Shah.</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4;">Athbhaiya Khadka (अठ्भैया खड्का) : Kapil Gotra /</span><span style="font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4;">Kandel Khadka (कँडेल खड्का) : Bhardwaj Gotra</span></div>
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Kalikote Khadka (कालिकोटे खड्का): Atri Gotra /<span style="font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4;">Kapatari Khadka (खपतरी खड्का): Kaushik Gotra</span></div>
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Chor Khadka (चोर खड्का): Kaushik Gotra /<span style="font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4;">Chhndka Khadka (छँड्का खड्का): Kashyap Gotra</span></div>
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Paalpali Khadka (पाल्पाली खड्का): Garg gotra/ <span style="font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4;">Punwar Khadka (पुँवार खड्का) : Kapil Gotra</span></div>
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Barbhaiya Khadka (बरभैया खड्का) : Kapil Gotra / <span style="font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4;">Budthapa Khadka (बुड्थापा खड्का) : Kaushik Gotra</span></div>
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Maharaaut Khadka (महाराउत खड्का) : Kaushik Gotra/<span style="font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4;">Maharaji Khadka (महाराजी खड्का) : Bhardwaj Gotra</span></div>
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Lakain Khadka (लकाइं खड्का) : Kundin Gotra/<span style="font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4;">Lamichhane Khadka (लामिछाने खड्का) : Garg Gotra</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4;">Subedi Khadka (सुबेदी खड्का): Bhardwaj Gotra/ </span><span style="font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4;">Khadka (खड्का) : Batsa Gotra / </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Thapa Surname</span></b></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
Two different caste of people, <a href="http://www.karma99.com/2014/10/list-of-janajati-surnames.html" target="_blank">Magar</a> and Chhettri use this surname. Five Chhetris including Thapa were given the title "Kaji" by The Great King Prithivi Narayan Shah. Rest are: Basnet, Kuwar, Pandey, and Bisht. Nepali word "Kaji" can be translated as Minister into English.</div>
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<div style="font-family: Times; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<b>List of Chhettri Thapa and their gotra:-</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<u>Bhardwaj Gotra :</u> Achhami (अछामी थापा), Patkheti (पाटखेती थापा), Maharaji (महाराजी थापा), Bhandare/Bhandari (भण्डारे / भण्डारी थापा), Kalikote (कालिकोटे थापा)</div>
<div style="font-family: Times; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<u>Madgaulya Gotra</u> : Kalikote (कालिकोटे थापा)</div>
<div style="font-family: Times; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<u>Atri</u> : Khulal (खुलाल थापा) , Punwar (पुवाँर थापा), Bagale (बगाले थापा) , Bihare (बिहारे थापा) </div>
<div style="font-family: Times; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
<u>Kasyap </u>: Godar (गोदार थापा), Ghimire (घिमिरे थापा)</div>
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<u>Kaundinya</u>: Gaunle (गाउँले थापा) </div>
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<u>Garg</u> : Lamichhane (लामिछाने थापा) </div>
</div>
<u style="background-color: white; font-family: times; text-align: start;">Bashishtha</u><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times";"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times";">: Suyal (सुयाल थापा)</span><br />
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<hr style="background-color: white; font-family: times; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: start;" />
<b>See Also:-</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ol>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2014/10/bahun-people.html">Bahun</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/01/list-of-gotra-and-thari_5.html">List of gotra and thari</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com23tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-44649562076506393132014-10-17T02:06:00.002-07:002023-03-17T03:20:54.846-07:00Janajati People<div style="text-align: justify;">
Aadibashi-Janajati is the umbrella term used to identify the ethnic indigenous people of Nepal. According to 2011 Census 35.81% (9.5 million) people are identified as Janajati. Among 125 listed caste and ethnic groups in the census, 63 are classified as Janajati among which Tharu, Magar, Gurung, Tamang, Newar, Sherpa, Limbu, Rai and Thakali ethnicity are highly visible in the society.<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a>Inclusion of Newar ethnic group in the Janajati list has been controversial. Whereas some other ethnic organizations are demanding to include Khas people (Bahun, Chhettri etc) in the list as well.</div>
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<br /></div>
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All statistics given in this article are from 2011 National census of Nepal . </div>
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<b><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Janajati from West Nepal</u></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ol>
<li><b>Magar surnames</b> (1.9 million, 7.1%) Rana, Ale, Thapa, Shrish, Singjali, Rakhal, Gaha, Darlami, Budha(Buda), Gharti, Roka (Rokaya), Jhankri, Budhathoki, Garbuja, Khapangi, Suryabanshi, Raskoti, Bucha, Saru, Khamcha, Pulami, Rajali, Salami, Somai, Dhurel, Balal, Chhantyal, Sarangkoti,Masarangi, Charti, Naamjyali, Palli, Paharai, Damarpal, Pun</li>
<li><b>Tharu </b>(1.7 million, 6.6%)</li>
<li><b>Gurung surnames </b>(522,641) Gurung, Tamu</li>
<li><b>Bhujel</b>, Gharti, Khawas (118,650) (Thnahau, Gorkha, Nawalparasi, Chitwan)</li>
<li><b>Ghale </b>(26,000) (Gorkha, Lamjung, Manang districts)</li>
<li><b>Darai</b> (16,789) (Chitwan, Tanahu, Nawalparasi, Gorkha, Dhading etc) (mangolian)</li>
<li><b>Thakali </b>(13,215) (aka Tin Gaule) (Thak khola region, Mustang district) Sherchan/Serchan, Bhattachan, Gauchan, Tulachan, Lalchan, Hirachan, Jawarchan, Pannachan</li>
<li><b>Mugali</b> / Mugal (approx 10,000) (Mugu district) (not included in census 2011)</li>
<li><b>Baram</b> (8140) (aka Barhamu or Baramu) (Gorkha and Tanahun) (Close to Magar & Kirati)</li>
<li><b>Bote</b> - Majhi (5,019) (Chitwan, Tanahun)</li>
<li><b>Dura </b>(5,394) (Lamjung and Tanahun districts)</li>
<li><b>Chhantyal </b>(5,245) (Baglung, Mayagdi districts)</li>
<li><b>Raji</b> (4,235) (Bheri, Seti and Mahakali zones)</li>
<li><b>Byasi/ Sauka </b>(3985) (aka Byangsi/ Shauka) (Darchula district, Mahakali zone)</li>
<li><b>Raute</b> (618) (Karnali and Mahakali regions)</li>
<li><b>Tangbe</b> / Tangbedanis (approx 400) (Mustang) (not included in census 2011)</li>
<li><b>Kusunda</b> (273) (aka Ban raja, Mihaq) (Gandaki zone)</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Janajati from Central Nepal</span></u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ol>
<li><b>Tamang Surnames </b>(1.5 million 5.8%) Tamang, Lama, Moktan, Yonzon, Pakhrin, Ghale, Murmi etc.</li>
<li><b>Newar Surnames </b>(1.3 million, 5.2%) Rajopadhyaya, Vajracharya, Bare, Shakya, Bhikshu, Gurju, Malla, Pradhan, Raj Bhandari, Joshi, Shrestha, Maske, Karmacharya, Tuladhar, Tamrakar, Kansakar, Awa, Sikarmi, Maharjan, Dangol, Duwal, Sapu, Kabhuja, Musa, Lawat, Awale, Awalay, Kumale, Prajapati, Manandhar, Khusa, Tandukar, Napit, Nakarmi, Karamjit, Bha, Bammala, Mali, Tepe, Citrakar, Putwar, Dali, Balami, Pulu, Ranjitkar, Kusle, Kasain, Khadgi, Shahi, Kulu, Pore, Deola, Chami, Camkhala, Halahulu <u>Detail </u>:<a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/05/newar.html" target="_blank">List of Newar Castes</a></li>
<li><b>Sherpa Surnames </b>(112,946) Sherpa (Mingyak, Goparma, Lama etc)</li>
<li><b>Chepang/ Praja </b>(68,399) (Makwanpur district)</li>
<li><b>Thami</b> (28,671) (Dolakha districts)</li>
<li><b>Bhote </b>(13,397) Bhutiya</li>
<li><b>Hyolmo/ Yolmo</b> (10,752) (Helambu and Melamchi valley, close to sherpa tribe)</li>
<li><b>Jirel </b>(5,774) (Jiri valley, close to Sherpa and Sunuwar tribes)</li>
</ol>
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<div>
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<b><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Janjati from Eastern Nepal</u></span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #0b5394;"><br /></span></b>
<b>Kirati Tribes (East hills) </b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ol>
<li><b>Rai </b>(620,004 - 2.3%)<b> </b>Bantawa, Chamling, Dumi, Dilpali, Jerung, Jero (Jerung), Kulung, Khaling, Lohorung, Mewahang, Puma, Rakhali, Sampang, Shamsuhaang, Sotang, Sunuwar, Thulung, Tamla, Tilung, Wahaling, Wambule, Yakkha, Yamphu, Syangbo</li>
<li><b>Limbu </b>(387,300 - 1.5%) Limbu, Subba</li>
<li><b>Sunuwar </b>(55,712) (Kirati tribe - Okhaldhunga, Ramechhap and Dolakha districts)</li>
<li><b>Kulung</b> (28,613) (Kirati tribe - Similar to Rai)</li>
<li><b>Yakkha/ Dewan</b> (24,336) (Kirati tribe - lower Arun valley)</li>
<li><b>Bahing</b> (3,096) (Kirati tribe- Okhaldhunga, Solukhumbu districts)</li>
<li><b>Hayu/ Wayu</b> (2,925) (Kirat tribe)</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<b>Kochila Region</b> (Jhapa and Morang districts)<br />
<div>
<ol>
<li><b>Rajbanshi (Koch) </b>(115,242)</li>
<li><b>Santhal </b>(51,735)</li>
<li><b>Dhimal </b>(26,298)</li>
<li><b>Tajpuriya </b>(19,213)</li>
<li><b>Gangai</b> (18,603)</li>
<li><b>Meche (bodo) </b>(4,867)</li>
<li><b>Kisan </b>(1,739)</li>
</ol>
</div>
<b>Other Janajati mainly found in east</b><br />
<ol>
<li><b>Kumal</b> / Kumhar (121,196) (Jhapa, Morang, Sankhuwasabha, Dolakha, Dhading, Chitwan etc)</li>
<li><b>Danuwar Rai </b>(84,115) (looks Mangolian, linguistically aryan) (eastern terai and hills)</li>
<li><b>Majhi</b> (83,727) (eastern and central terai and pahad)</li>
<li><b>Dhanuk</b> (219,808) (Saptari, Siraha and Dhanusha districts) (Madheshi)</li>
<li><b>Jhangad</b> / Dhagar (37,424) (Dhanusha districts) (Madheshi) (dravidian)</li>
</ol>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />
<hr style="text-align: justify;" />
<b style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Janajati of Tibetan influence</u></b><br />
<ol>
<li><b>Topkegola</b> (1,523) (Taplejung district) </li>
<li><b>Walung</b> (1,249) (Taplejung district)</li>
<li><b>Thudam</b> (unknown) (Taplejung district) (not included in census 2011)</li>
<li><b>Lhomi</b> (1,614) (Sankhuwasabha district)</li>
<li><b>Bahra Gaule</b> (approx 2,000) (Mustang) (not included in census 2011)</li>
<li><b>Siyar</b> (Chumba) (approx 1,000) (northern Gorkha district) (not included in census 2011)</li>
<li><b>Larke</b> (some 100s) (northern gorkha) (close to tibetian) (not included in census 2011)</li>
<li><b>Dolpo</b> (4107) (aka Dolpowa) (northern parts of Dolpa district) </li>
</ol>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />
<hr style="text-align: justify;" />
According to Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN) the definition of Indigenous people is as follows:- (<a href="http://www.nefin.org.np/list/Definition-of-Indigenous/5/94/4" target="_blank">link</a>)<br />
<br />
* First settlers prior to the formation of Gorkha and Nepal state.<br />
* Dominated group and no representation in state organs<br />
* Not included in the Hindu cast system.<br />
* Own language, culture and religion different from the rulers.<br />
* Listed by Nepalese Government Indigenous Act 2002.<br />
<br />
Which Includes the following races<br />
<br />
<b>Kisan</b> (किसान), Kumal (कुमाल), <b>Gangai</b> (गन्गाई), Gurung (गुरुङ), Chepang (चेपाङ), Chhantyal (छन्त्याल), Jirel (जिरेल), <b>Jhangad</b> (झांगड), <b>Tajpuriya </b>(ताजपुरिया), Tamang (तामाङ), Tangbe (ताङ्वे), Topkegola (तोक्पेगोला), Bhote (भोटे), Mugali (मुगाल), Larke (लार्के), Walung (वालुङ), Lhomi (ल्होमी)/ Shingsaba (शिंसावा), Sherpa (शेर्पा), Siyar (सियार), Hyolmo (ह्योल्मो), Thakali (थकाली - तिन गााउले ), Dolpo (डोल्पो), Thudam (थुदाम), Bahra Gaule (बाह्रागाउ), Lapcha (लाप्चा), Thakali (थकाली), Thami (थामी), <b>Tharu </b>(थारु), Danuwar (दनुवार), Darai (दराई), Dura (दुरा), <b>Dhimal </b>(धिमाल), Newar (नेवार), *Pahri (पहरी), Baram (बराम), Bote (बोटे), Bhujel (भुजेल), Magar (मगर), Majhi (माझी), <b>Meche </b>(मेचे), Yakhkha (याक्खा), Limbu (लिम्वु), Rai (राई), <b>Rajbanshi </b>(राजवंशी), Raji (राजी), Shauka (शौका), <b>Santhal </b>(सन्थाल), Sunuwar (सुनुवार), Hayu (हायू), * Marfali (मार्फाली) - Thakali, *Surel (सुरेल), <b>Dhanuk</b> (धानुक), Raute (राउटे), Kusunda (कुसुण्डा)<br />
<br />
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />
<hr style="text-align: justify;" />
<b>See Also:-</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ol>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/01/list-of-gotra-and-thari_5.html" target="_blank">List of Gotra and Thari</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/05/dalit-in-nepal.html" target="_blank">Dalit in Nepal</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Tags: aadiwashi, cast, आदिबासी, जनजाती, Janjati</div>
Milanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11569819549234735858noreply@blogger.com23tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-12417105383584950402013-05-14T09:36:00.008-07:002023-03-17T03:20:46.753-07:00Newar people<div style="text-align: justify;">
Newars are the people native to Kathmandu valley. Their native language is "Nepal Bhasha" aka "Newari". However, Nepali Language is also spoken by a large number of Newar people. Most Newar people believe in Hinduism and according to Hindu systems, they are categorized into different caste and clans. A sizable number of Newar people also believe in Buddhism. Newar population in Nepal is almost 1.3 million which accounts for almost 5.5% of the total population of Nepal. </div><div>
<a name='more'></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><u><br /></u>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
List of Newar caste and surnames:-<br />
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<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" dir="ltr" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-family: arial, sans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; table-layout: fixed;"><colgroup><col width="123"></col><col width="165"></col><col width="368"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Caste"]" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-right: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-width: 1px; font-size: 110%; font-weight: bold; padding: 2px 3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom;">Caste</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Traditional occupation"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; font-weight: bold; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><b>Traditional occupation</b></td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"surnames"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; font-weight: bold; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><b>surnames</b></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 23px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Deo Brahman"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Deo Brahman</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Hindu priests"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Hindu priests</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Rajopadhyaya "]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rajopadhyaya </td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Shrestha (Chhathariya)"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Shrestha (Chhathariya)</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Royal family, nobles and courtiers"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Royal family, nobles, and courtiers</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Joshi, Malla, Pradhananga, Pradhan, Rajbhandari, Amatya, Vaidya, Maskey, Kayastha, Rajvanshi, Patrabansh, Mathema, Lakhey,Hada, Karmacharya, Guruvacharya"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Joshi, Malla, Pradhananga, Pradhan, Rajbhandari, Amatya, Vaidya, Maskey, Kayastha, Rajvanshi, Patrabansh, Mathema, Lakhey, Hada, Karmacharya, Guruvacharya</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Shrestha (Panchthariya)"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Shrestha (Panchthariya)</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Administrators, traders and merchants"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Administrators, traders, and merchants</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Shrestha, Mulmi, Madhikarmi (Halwai), Bhaju, Kakchapati, Nyachhyon, Nagarkoti, Sivacharya, Mulmi, Madhikarmi (Halwai), Bhaju, Kakchapati, Nyachhyon, Nagarkoti, Sivacharya, etc."]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Shrestha, Mulmi, Madhikarmi (Halwai), Bhaju, Kakchapati, Nyachhyon, Nagarkoti, Sivacharya, Mulmi, Madhikarmi (Halwai), Bhaju, Kakchapati, Nyachhyon, Nagarkoti, Sivacharya, etc.</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Gubhaju"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Gubhaju</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Buddhist priests"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Buddhist priests</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Vajracharya, and Bare - Shakya, Bhikshu, Gurju"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Vajracharya, and Bare - Shakya, Bhikshu, Gurju</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Uray, Udaas"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Uray, Udaas</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Traders and merchants, Craftsmen"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Traders and merchants, Craftsmen</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Tuladhar, Bania, Sikarmi (Sthapit), Awa, Tamrakar, Kansakar, Sikhrakar, Sindurakar, Rajkarnikar, Halwai, SIlakar"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Tuladhar, Bania, Sikarmi (Sthapit), Awa, Tamrakar, Kansakar, Sikhrakar, Sindurakar, Rajkarnikar, Halwai, SIlakar</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Jyapu"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Jyapu</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Farmers"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Farmers</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Maharjan, Dangol, Singh, Suwal, Desar, Rajbahak, Kumhal, Prajapati, Kumah, Awale, Awal, Shilpakar, Ka:mi, Pahari"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Maharjan, Dangol, Singh, Suwal, Desar, Rajbahak, Kumhal, Prajapati, Kumah, Awale, Awal, Shilpakar, Ka:mi, Pahari</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Sayami"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Sayami</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Oilpressers"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Oilpressers</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Manandhar, Sayami"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Manandhar, Sayami</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Khusa"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Khusa</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Palanquin bearers"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; font-style: italic; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Palanquin bearers</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Tandukar"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Tandukar</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Nau"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Nau</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Barbers"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Barbers</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Napit"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Napit</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Kau"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Kau</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Blacksmiths"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Blacksmiths</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Naka:mi"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Naka:mi</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Bha"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Bha</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Funeral duties"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Funeral duties</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Karanjit, Bha"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Karanjit, Bha</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Gathu"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Gathu</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Gardeners"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Gardeners</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Bammala, Mali, Malakar"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Bammala, Mali, Malakar</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Tepe"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Tepe</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Cultivators"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Cultivators</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Byanjankara, Tepe"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Byanjankara, Tepe</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Pun"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Pun</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Painters"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Painters</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Chitrakar"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Chitrakar</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Duhim"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Duhim</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Carriers"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Carriers</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Putwar, Dali"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Putwar, Dali</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Balami"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Balami</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Fieldworkers"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Fieldworkers</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Balami"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Balami</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Pulu"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Pulu</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Funeral torch bearers"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Funeral torchbearers</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Pulu"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Pulu</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Cipa"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Cipa</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Dyers"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Dyers</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Ranjitkar, Ranjit"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Ranjitkar, Ranjit</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Jugi"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Jugi</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Musicians and tailors"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Musicians and tailors</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Darshandhari, Kusle, Kapali"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Darshandhari, Kusle, Kapali</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Naye"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Naye</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Butchers and musicians"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Butchers and musicians</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Khadgi, Shahi"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Khadgi, Shahi</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Kulu"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Kulu</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Drum-makers and cobblers"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Drum-makers and cobblers</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Kulu"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Kulu</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Pode"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Pode</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Fishermen, sweepers"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Fishermen, sweepers</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Pode, Deola, Pujari, Nepali"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Pode, Deola, Pujari, Nepali</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Chami"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Chami</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Sweepers"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Sweepers</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Chyame, Chamkhalak"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Chyame, Chamkhalak</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Halahulu"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Halahulu</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Sweepers"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Sweepers</td><td data-sheets-value="[null,2,"Halahulu"]" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 110%; padding: 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Halahulu</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<u>Newar Vs Maithili/Madheshi</u><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">In 1097 AD King Nanya Dev of the Karnat dynasty established his kingdom in the Mithila region (Tirahut). The center of the kingdom was Simraungadh (सिम्रौनगढ) which is now located in the Bara district, Nepal. In 1324 AD, when the last king Harisingh Dev was defeated by Delhi Sultan Gayasudin Tuglak (ग़ियास सुद्दीन तुग़लुक़), King Hari Singh left for Kathmandu with the statue of Taleju Bhawani. Though he died in Hariharpur Gadhi (present-day Sindhuli district) his family made it to Kathmandu. Temples of Taleju Bhawani in Kathmandu, Lalitpur, and Bhaktapur districts are believed to be linked with the Mithila Kingdom. Many Maithili brahmins also migrated to Kathmandu valley during that period and afterward. During centuries of their residence in Kathmandu, they mixed up with the native people of the valley. Today, some of the Newar brahmin castes like Jha, Mishra, and Bhatta are believed to be originated from Maithili.<br />
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<b>Notable Newar people:-</b><br />
<br />
Sankhadhar Sakhwa (879 AD) philanthropist, related to Nepal Sambat<br />
Shukra Raj Shastri (1894-1941), Freedom Fighter, Martyr<br />
Gangalal Shrestha (1919-1941), Freedom Fighter, Martyr<br />
Dharma Bhakta Mathema (1908-1941), Freedom Fighter, Martyr<br />
Ganesh Man Singh (1915-1997) Freedom Fighter, Leader of Nepali Congress<br />
Pushpa Lal Shrestha (1924-1978), Founder of Communist Party of Nepal<br />
Marich Man Shrestha (1942-2013) Former Prime Minister<br />
Sahana Pradhan (1927-2014), Leader of CPN-ML, Former Deputy PM<br />
Hisila Yami (b.1959), Leader<br />
<br />Yug Kavi Siddhicharan Shrestha (1912-1992), poet</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Satya Mohan Joshi (1920- 2022), Scholar of history and culture</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Swor Samrat Narayan Gopal (1939-1990), Singer<br />Tara Devi (1945-2006), Singer, aka Swar Samragi<br />
Fattehman Singh Rajbhandari (1936-2013), Singer<br />
Prem Dhwaj Pradhan (b.1938), Singer<br />
Madan Krishna Shrestha (b.1950), Actor<br />
Shiva Shrestha, Actor<br />
Karishma Manandhar (b.1971), Actress<br />
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<b>See Also </b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<ol>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2014/10/bahun-people.html" target="_blank">Bahun</a> - <a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/01/chhettri.html" target="_blank">Chhetri</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/01/list-of-gotra-and-thari_5.html" target="_blank">List of Gotra & Thari</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2014/10/list-of-janajati-surnames.html" target="_blank">Janajati people</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/05/dalit-in-nepal.html" target="_blank">Dalit in Nepal</a></li>
</ol>
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Tags: List of Newar Caste & Surnames</div>
Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com110tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-26742456053528945282013-05-06T08:27:00.001-07:002023-03-17T03:21:00.880-07:00Dalit in Nepal<div style="text-align: justify;">
Dalit is the term used to identify the group of people who are unlawfully being considered lower class or untouchable. They account almost 3 million or 12. 82 % of total population of Nepal.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
Nepal Government defines Dalits as :- "Castes and communities which are suffering racial discrimination and considered untouchable according to 'Hindu caste system' and 'Muluki Ain 1910 B.S.' (old penal code of Nepal) and who are backward from mainstream on social, economic, political, educational and religious terms."<br />
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"हिन्दू वर्णा श्रम जाति व्यवस्था, वि.सं. १९१० को मुलुकी ऐनबाट पानी
नचल्ने र छोइछिटो हाल्नु पर्ने जातजाति भनी जातीय भेदभाव एवं समाजमा अछुत
मानिएका र सामाजिक, आर्थिक, राजनैतिक, शैक्षिक तथा धार्मिकरुपमा राज्यको
मूलप्रवाहबाट पछाडि पारिएका जातजातिका समुदायलाई दलित वर्ग भनी परिभाषित
गरिएको छ।"<br />
<br />
In Nepal, Dalits are categorized as Pahadi Dallit (Hill dalit) and Tarai Dalit. This is the list of surnames considered as Dalit by Government of Nepal.<br />
<br /></div>
<u> A) Hill Dalit ( पहाडे मूल ) </u><br />
<b><br /></b>
1. <b>Bishwokarma </b>(Kami, Lohar, Sunar, Od, Chunanra, Parki, Tamata)<br />
विश्वकर्मा (कामी, लोहार, सुनार, ओड, चुनँरा, पार्की, टमटा)<br />
People traditionally involved in iron related works.<br />
2011 population: 12,58,554 (4.75%)<br />
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2. <b>Pariyar </b> (Damai, Dargee, Suchikar, Nagarchee, Dholee, Hudke)<br />
परियार (दमाई, दर्जी, सुचिकार, नगर्ची, ढोली, हुड्के) <br />
People traditionally involved in tailoring business.<br />
2011 population: 472,862 (1.78%) <br />
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3. <b>Mijar </b>(Sarki, Charmakar, Bhool)<br />
मिजार - (सार्की, चर्मकार, भूल) <br />
People traditionally involved in leather, shoe related works.<br />
2011 population: 374,816 (1.41%)<br />
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4. <b>Badi </b>(बादी)<br />
2011 population<b> : </b>38,603<br />
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5. <b>Gandharba </b>(Gaine) गर्न्धर्व (गाइने) <br />
People involved in traditional music sector.<br />
2011 population: 6,791<br />
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6. <b>Pode </b>(Deula,Pujari,Jalari)<br />
पोडे (देउला, पूजारी, जलारी) <br />
People belong to Newar racial group<br />
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7. <b>Chyame </b>(Kuchikar,Chyamkhal)<br />
च्यामे (कुचीकार, च्याम्खल) <br />
People traditionally involved in cleaning works.<br />
People belong to Newar racial group.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #38761d;">(<b>Khas-Dalit</b> are from Khas ethnicity. They are: Bishwokarma, Damai, Sarki, Badi and Gandarbh etc)</span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>(Newar dalit</b> are Dalit people from <a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/05/newar.html" target="_blank">Newari</a> community. They are : Pode, Chyame etc) </span><br />
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<u> B) Terai Dalit (मधेशी मूल)</u><br />
<ol>
<li><b>Chamar</b> (Ram, Mochi, Harijan, Ravidas) चमार (राम, मोची, हरिजन रविदास) (335,893) (Chamar is very large community in India with above 4.8 crore population incl UP almost 2 crore)</li>
<li><b>Musahar</b> (मुसहर) (234,490) (Around 28 Lakhs in India mostly in Bihar and UP)</li>
<li><b>Dushadh</b> (<b>Paswan</b>, Hajara) दुसाध (पासवान हजरा) // <b>Pasi</b> (पासी) (208,910) (40 lakhs in India)</li>
<li><b>Dhobi</b> (Rajak) Hindu धोवी (रजक- हिन्दु) (109,079) (In India about 1 crore 24 lakhs)</li>
<li><b>Tatma</b> (Tanti, Das) (तत्मा/तत्वा - ताँती, दास) (104,865)</li>
<li><b>Khatwe</b> (Mandal, Khang) (खत्वे- मण्डल, खङ्ग) (100,921)</li>
<li><b>Bantar</b> (बाँतर/सर्दार) (55,104) (Bantar in India accounts almost 127,000 mostly living in Bihar)</li>
<li>Dom (Marik) (डोम-मरिक) (13,268)</li>
<li>Kori (कोरी) (12,276)</li>
<li>Mestar (Halkhor) (मेस्तर -हल्खोर) (4,003)</li>
<li>Sarbhang (Sarbariya) सरभङ्ग (सरवरिया) (4,906)</li>
<li>Natuwa (नटुवा) (3,062)</li>
<li>Dharikar/ Dhankar (धरिकर/ धन्कार) (2,681)</li>
<li>Dhandi (ढाँडी) (1,982)</li>
<li>Chidimar (चिडिमार) (1,254)</li>
<li>Kalar (कलर) (1,077)</li>
<li>Kakaihiya (ककैहिया) X</li>
<li>Khatik (खटिक) X</li>
</ol>
<hr />
<b> See Also:-</b><br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2014/10/list-of-janajati-surnames.html" target="_blank"><span id="goog_1093008622"></span>Janajati People</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2014/10/bahun-people.html" target="_blank">Bahun</a> - <a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/01/chhettri.html" target="_blank">Chhettri</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/01/list-of-gotra-and-thari_5.html" target="_blank">List of Gotra and Thari</a></li>
</ul>
<hr />
<b style="text-align: justify;">List of Dalit Surnames:-</b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<u>The communities engaged in making ornaments, weapons, pottery and other labor skills.</u><br />
Kamis (Iron-smiths), Sunars (Gold-smiths), Lohars (Iron smiths), Vishwakarmas (V.K.), Sobh, Snehi Nepali, Mijhar<br />
<br />
Agri, Acharya, Aafladhoti, Wokheda, Wod/Wor, Kadara (Kandara), Karada, Kasara, Kallohar, Kalikote, Kaliraj (Shahoo), Kumaki, Kaini, Koirala, Koli, Khadkathoki, Khapangi, Khati, Gajmer, Gajurel, Gadal, Gadaili, Gahate (Gahatraj), Giri, Gotame, Gowa, Ghatani, Ghamal, Gharti Ghimire, Ghamghotle, Ghimire (Sijapati and Ghimire also called "Shobh"), Ghotane, Chandara/Chandaro, Chilime, Tiwari, Chunara, Chhistal, Jandkami, Tamata (Tamrakar), Thagunna, Thatera, Tiruwa, Dayal/Diyali, Dalami, Darnal, Dudraj (Dudhraj), Dural, Deupate, Dewal, Dhamala, Dhanik (Dhanuk), Nagarkoti (Kabhre and Sindhupanchowk's Rasailis are using nowadays), Niraula, Nepal, Panthi, Palla (Ya), Parajuli, Pahari, Padhyawati, Pagri, Parki, Pulami, Pokharel, Portel, Paudel, Baraili/Barali/Baral, Bunchebhale, Banskota, Bipali, Bhatta, Bhattarai, Bhusal, Bhool, Mahilipar, Mar (Mahar), Mijhar, Rasaili, Rahpal, Rajilohar, Ramdam/Ramdamoo, Rijal, Risal (Raisalis are using), Ruchal, Raikal, Lakandri, Latopi, Labad, Lamgade (It has three sub-category - Lamakarmi, Lamichhane and Poudeli, Lohar, Lwagun/Luhagun, Shahsankar, Shahoo, Sherala, Sadasankar/Sattasankar, Sapkota, Sani, Sundhuwa, Sunchyuri/Sunchiuri, Singaure, Sijapati, Sirpali (Shripali), Suni, Setipar, Seti Mahara, Setisural, Sonam, Himchyuri.<br />
<br />
<u>The community treditionally Engaged in Sewing Cloth and Playing Local Musical Instruments</u><br />
Suchikar / Sujikar, Damai (damahi), dholi, hudke, nagarchi, Nagdi </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Asasai, Aauji, Kandel, Katuwal, Karkidholi (Khulal, Mudula, Lama, Sutar), Kalakhati, Koirala, Khatiwada, Guinde, Gautam (Gotame), Ghatani, Ghale, Chahar, Chuhan, Chhinal, Jairu, Thagunna, Thatal, Daunde, Dholi (also used by those who forgot their sub-caste), Dhyaki, Tiwari/Tikhatri, Thapa, Darnal, Damai Pariyar, Damai Parel, Das, Deukar, Dewal, Nagwag, Nagwan, Nagarchi, Negi, Nepal, Naubag, Pariyar (Achhame, Chudal), Panchkoti/Panchakoti, Bahak, Pokharel, Bardewa, Bagchan, Bagdas, Budhapothi, Boodhaprithi, Baiju, Bhandari, Bhitrikoti, Bhusal, Magar, Mahate, Mahara, Male, Ranpal, Ranpahenli, Ratna/Ratne, Ratnapariyar, Rana, Raigain, Raika, Ryainjhyain, Lamghate, Luintel, Shinal, Shilal, Shiwa/Siwa (Kukhure, Gotame, Bhede), Samudrasai, Sunal, Sunam, Sunam, Sunchyuri/Sunchiuri, Sudas, Sasmundra, Shahassamudra, Sooji, Hingmang, Hudke.<br />
<br />
<u>The Community treditionally in Leather Profession</u><br />
Sarki, Charmkar, Mijhar, Bhool<br />
<br />
Achchhami/Achhami, Uparkoti, Upreti, Kamar, Koirala, Khatiwada, Giri, Gaire, Gairepipan, Gothe, Ghimire, Chamar, Chudal, Chuhan, Chhatkuli, Thagunna, Chhamarki, Thakursya, Thararai, Dale, Tolangi, Thapaliya, Thak, Daulakoti/Dyaulakoti, Dabe, Dahal, Dulal, Dhamel, Naghali, Pahenli (Panyeli), Purkoti, Batsyal/Basel, Bamrel, Bayalkoti, Bastakoti, Bisunkhe, Bogati, Bhangyal, Bhul/Bheyanl, Bhurtel, Mangrati/Magarati (Aaththane, Kala, Khilinge, Doodh, Dhur, Barhathane), Majboti, Malbule, Malbok, Mudel, Ramtel, Ruchal, Roila, Rokka, Lamjel, Shahi, Shrimati/Sirimal, Sarmaute, Siraute, Surkheni, Suyenl, Sejwal, Hitang.<br />
<br />
<u>The community of Singing Gypsies (gandarbha)</u> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Gaine or Gandharwa, 'Nepali'</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Adhikari, Kami, Kala Kaushik, Kala Poudel, Kalichan, Gosai, Jogi, Thakuri, Turki, Bahun, Budhathoki, Baikar/Wagyakar, Baistha (Bistha), Bogate, Bhusal, Bhusalparbate, Maheshwar, Meghnath, Bishwakarma, Bishnupad, Samudri, Sai, Sursaman, Setaparbate, Setichan, Hukchingrana.<br />
<br />
<u>Badi community</u><br />
<br />
<u>Kumal Community</u> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Prajapati or Kumhar Kumals <br />
<br />
<u>The community involved in Laundry Profession</u></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Dhobis ( Terai - Raj Dhobi and Dhobi)</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<u></u></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Dalits in Madheshi community</u> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Aghori, Karori (Yadav's sub-category untouchables), Kichchak, Kisan, Koche, Khatwe, Gandharwa (Muslim), Chamar/Mochi/Harijan, Chidimar, Gudihara, Jhangad (Uraun/Uram), Jhangar (Kachhuwa, Kharawa, Bakala, Bujira, Bekh, Lakada), Doom/Dom/Dhangar, Tatma, Tanti, Toori, Dusadh, Dhuniyan (Muslim), Dhobi, Nat, Pamariya, Paswan, Pasi, Bantar, Bhilla, Bhuiya, Mirshikar, Munda, Mushar (Sada), Rachwar, Sharbhanga, Shai (Muslim), Satar, Santal (Satar), Halkhor etc.<br />
<br />
<u>Dalits in the Newar Community</u> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Kasais ('butchers') </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Chyames </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Harhurs</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
dhobis and Napits' (barbers')</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />
<hr />
<b>Further Reading:- </b>(source: Government of Nepal, National Dalit Commission) (<a href="http://ndc.gov.np/np/cms/4" target="_blank">Link</a>) (<a href="http://ndc.gov.np/ckeditor/kcfinder/upload/files/Anusuchi%20News%202074.pdf" target="_blank">link</a>)<br />
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />
१. <b>विश्वकर्मा जातिका थरहरुः</b><br />
<br />
१. आग्री २. आचार्य ३. आफलधोती ४.
ओड ५. कसरा ६. लोहार ७. कालीकोटे ८. कालीराज ९. कुमार्की १०. कैनी
११. कोली १२. कोइराला १३. खड्काथोकी १४. खपाङ्गी १५. खाती १६. गजमेर
१७. गजुरेल १८. गदाइली १९. गदाल २०.गहतराज २१. गिरी २२. गोतामे २३.
गावा २४. घताने २५. धमाल २६. घर्ती २७. घिमिरे २८. घामछत्ल २९. चुनार
३०. छिस्तल ३१. जाँडकामी ३२. टमटा ३३. ठगन्ना ३४. ठटरा ३५. नगरकोटी
३६. निरौला ३७. नेपाल ३८. पन्थी ४०. पल्लय ४१. पहरी ४२. पाध्यवती
४३. पार्की ४४. पोखरेल ४५. पोर्तेल ४६. पौडेल ४७. पौडेली ४८. बराईली
बराल वराली ४९. वुचेभाले ५०. बाँस्कोटा ५१. श्रीपाली ५२. दियाली
५३. दुधराज ५४. भट्ट ५५. भट्टराई ५६. भुसाल ५७. भुल ५८. माहिलीपार
५९. महर ६०. रसाइली ६१. रहपाल ६२. राजीलौहार ६३. सापकोटा ६४.
सुन्च्युरी ६५. सुनधुवा ६६. सिगाउरे ६७. सिजापती ६८. सेतीपार ६९.
सेतीसुरुवाल ७०.सेतीमहर ७१.रामदाम ७२. रिजाल ७३. ल्वागुन ७४. साशंकर
सदाशंकर ७५. शेरेला ७६. सोनाम ७७. हेमच्यूरी ७८. तिरुवा ७९. लाम्गादे
८०. सोव ८१. रुचाल ८२. हर्मेल ८३. दर्नाल ८४. बुढाथोकी ८५. लुहार
८६. दुलाल<br />
<u><br /></u>
<u>(गैरदलितसँग मिल्ने थरहरु - विश्वकर्मा</u>):<br />
<br />
ओली,
अर्याल, कार्की, घिमिरे, रिजाल, खड्काथोकी, धमाल, चन्द, दुलाल, सिलवाल,
खनाल, खपाग्ङी, खाती, गजुरेल, गिरी, गौतम, भट्ट, भट्टराई, पन्थी,
पौडेल,लोहनी, थापा, शर्मा, शाह, वराल, लामिछाने, धामी, भुषाल, सिजापति,
बगाले, सिंह बस्नेत, बास्कोटा, पोखरेल, तिवार, लोहनी<br />
<br />
२. <b>परियार जातिका थरहरु</b><br />
<br />
१. सुनाम२. नगवान३. ब्रम्हदास ४. बर्देवा ५. रनम्याली ६. रनपहेली ७. कालाथोकी ८. छिनाल ९. जनैदार १०. वर्मदास ११. सेवा १२. दर्नाल १३. गौरवाग १४. तिल्क्यानी १५. तिखत्री १६. रुकमेली १७. भेरीकार १८. कालीदास १९. घतानी २०. हेनमाङ २१. सुनदास २२. गोरखनाथ २३. रैका २४. वागदास २५. गुईदेल २६. जैरु २७. बैज २८. बैजाकोटी २९. रामजाली ३०. नेपाली ३१. टेलर ३२. मास्टर ३३. सुकुरयाल ३४. कोटान्जली ३५. कालाखाती ३६. पाचकोटी ३७. देउकाडी ३८. नागरी ३९. आउजी ४०. सिलाल ४१. गजमेयर ४२. बागचन्द ४३. नगवाग ४४. दर्जी ४५. सुपयाल ४६. भित्रकोटी ४७. मित्रकोटी ४८. सिवा ४९. भेटेसिवा ५०. सेन ५१. सिलाधर ५२. विटालु ५३. कोखरे-कुखरे सिवा ५४. कटवाल ५५. नैबाग ५६. रनपौली ५७. मुडले ५८. बुडाप्रीथी ५९. सुनचेउरी ६०. साहिसमुन्द्र ६१. देवल ६२. फुडके ६३. रजवर ६४. सुकुटयाल ६५. नकबाध ६६. काखरे ६७. छिनाल ६८. मुडलेकार्की ६९. गौरी ७०. बाग ७१. त्रिखत्री ७२. घतानी ७३. सुकुवाट्याल ७४. कोटानजारी ७५. कालाखानी ७६. सुन्दास ७७. साइतपाच ७८. चित्रकार ७९. सिल्पकार ८०. बैकपी ८२. श्रमिक ८३. रणपहेली ८४. ठटाल ८५. हंसमुखे ८६. श्री ८७. खाती ८८. चण्डुचार ८९. दनोल ९०. नगर्ची ९१. ढ्याकी ९२. कढैवरी ९३. रचना ९४. दकास ९५. मोत ९६. दास ९७. लाखे ९८. रनवेहली ९९. चाहार १००. चुडाल १०१. बाग्धास १०२. रजवास १०३. लाप्रे १०४. नेगी १०५. माले १०६. कनाल १०७. करुवाल १०८. माल्बोक १०९. पट्टेली ११०. वास्ताकोटी १११. राजगाइ ११२. घलेख ११३. हुड्के ११४. र् याइझ्यार ११५. याग्ने ११६. सुँगुरे ११७. कार्कीडोली ११८. स्यावा ११९. बैजनाथ १२०. मौले पाँचकुरी १२१. सुतार १२२. मिस्त्रीकोटी १२३. डैणे १२४. कोटााजरी १२५. सिलाजोशी १२६. रैकाआउजी १२७. धगाले १२८. रैकाई १२९. सिं १३०. देउगाडी १३१. आवीखोली १३२. साउके १३३. नागरी १३४. पाल्पाली १३५. सुन्दार १३६. गोठामे १३७. हुणे १३८. शाही १३९. रत्न<br />
<br />
(<u>गैरदलितसँग मिल्ने थरहरु - परियार</u>):<br />
<br />
अाचार्य, अधिकारी, कार्की, कोहराल, खाती, खनाल, खतिवडा, गौतम, घले, बराल, तिवार, मल्ल, जोरी, लामिछाने, गुरुङ, पन्त, ढुङ्गाना, राई, लुईटेल, भुषाल, महरा, दवाडी<br />
<br />
५.<b>मिजार जातिका थरहरु</b><br />
<br />
मिजार - (सार्की, चर्मकार, भूल)<br />
<br />
१. बस्याल २. नेपाली ३. रुचाल ४. बाह्रघरे ५. बम्रेल ६. छन्तेल ७. बसेल ८. नगरकोटी ९. धौलाकोटी १०. बङरेल ११. रामजाली १२. क्षेत्रेल १३. बयालकोटी १४. सत्याल १५. ढराई १६. देउला १७. कालो १८. सेतो १९. हिताङ २०. पहाडी २१. मजरकोटी २२. विसुङ्खे २३. टोटलाङ्गी २४. तोसाली २५. क्षेत्रयाल २६. बंग्रेल २७. बंजाडे २८. सामत २९. मिजार ३०. चर्मकार ३१. भूल ३२. मयार ३३. सेठी ३४. सेही ३५. विसंके ३६. रुचाल ३७. एस।sे ३८. सि।sे। ३९. रम्तेल ४०. मग्राती ४१. भियाल ४२. बैलकोटी ४३. रोका ४४. बौडेल ४५. ठडोर ४६. अच्छामी ४७. दुलाल ४८. तोलाङ्गे ४९. पुरकोटी ५०. कोल्हाल ५१. गौरीपाल ५२. परली ५३. पिपलबोटे ५४. कुल्चीयार ५५. संग्राम ५६. रोक्का ५७. मुंदेल ५८. श्रीवास्तव ५९. खरिबोटे ६०. मोटे ६१. तोलाङ्गीसुयल ६२. खिलुङ्गे ६३. पुलामी ६४. रोइलाहिताङ ६५. सेजवाल ६६. संयल ६७. दाउलाकोरी ६८. चुडाल ६९. मूहल ७१. लमजेल ७२. मजावरी ७३. घिताङ्ग ७४. श्रीपाली ७५. सिरौते ७६. पाएली ७७. भिपाल ७८. थाक ७९. दावे ८०. मिजार ८२. बलकोटी ८३. तोलाङ्गे ८४. धुरमग्राती ८५. कालामग्राती ८६. काला ८७. उपरकोटी ८८. तोलाङ्गी ८९. पर्कोटी ९०. विमुन्खे ९१. रैकाल ९२. रोकापा ९३. गैरी ९४. श्रीमाल ९५. रोक्काशाही ९६. सुराना ९७. महरा<br />
<u><br /></u>
<u>(मिजार जातिका गैर दलितसंग मिल्ने थरहरु):-</u><br />
<br />
गोतामे, हमाल, नेपाल, राठौर, रिमाल, सिंह, खड्की, बुढाथोकी, सापकोटा, न्यौपाने, पौडेल, आचार्य, थपलिया, अधिकारी, पोखरेल, खतिवडा, उप्रेती, गिरी, दाहाल, चन्द, लम्साल, कोइराला, मगर, ठगुन्ना ।<br />
<br />
आचार्य, कोईराला, राठाले, खतिवडा, गौतम, बोहोरा, बोगटी, थापा, चन्द्र, लम्साल, मगर, ठगुना, देेउलापाती, रामजाली, सत्याल, बस्याल, मरासिनी,पहाडी, पुलमी, घिमिरे, बन्जेडे, रोक्कशाही,<br />
<br />
<br />
४. <b>वादी जातिका थरहरु</b><br />
१. दास २. राना ३. वादी ४. भाँड ५. हुँड्के
धिताल ६. लेकाली ७. पहाडी ८. कश्यप ९. चन्द १०. छिलेल ११. जोगी
राजयोग १२. छिलाल १३. शिह १४. वैश्य १५. नगर्ची १६. खाती १७. छिन्वयाल
१८. वसेल १९. गौतम २०. नेपाल २१. लेकाली २२. मगर २३. वध्यकार २४.
बाठा २५. नेपाली २६. छिनाल २७. वाहय २८. कालीयान २९. बैकार ३०. पौडेल
३१. दुमार्की ३२. पोखरेल ३३. सिमाल ३४. जुम्लेली ३५. हरिथंगा ३६.
केसरी ३७. खनौटे ३८. बोरेसाहाँ<br />
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५. <b>गन्धर्व जातिका थरहरु</b><br />
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१. गाइने २. गान्धारी ३. गायक ४. बैगार ५.
गायन ६. कालोपौडेल ७. जोगी ८. कालाकौसी ९. सूर १०. तुर्की ११. बोगरी १२.
भूषाल १३. कालिचन १४. सुरसमान १५. मेघनाथ १६. भाट १७. रसाइली १८.
कालाशाह<br />
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<b>कलर जातिका थरहरु </b> <br />
सरवरिया, विकाउ<br />
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<b>ककैहिया जातिका थरहरु</b><br />
राय<br />
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<b>कोरी जातिका थरहरु</b><br />
कुरील, गौतम, भारती<br />
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<b>खटिक जातिका थरहरु</b><br />
कोली, सोनकर<br />
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<b>खत्वे जातिका थरहरु (मडंल, खङग)</b><br />
शर्मा, धानुक, बेल्दार, मण्डल<br />
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<b>चमार जातीका थरहरु (राम, मोची, हरीजन, रविदास)</b><br />
रैदास, महरा<br />
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<b>चिडियामार जातिका थरहरु</b><br />
सरनेरीया, सरनरिया, करौरीया, यादव, नट, बखु<br />
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<b>डोम जातिका थरहरु</b><br />
मल्लीक, मल्लि, महिल, गुसराम<br />
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<b>तत्मा जातिका थरहरु ( ताँती, दास)</b><br />
मण्डल, महरा, पात, बनौजिया<br />
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<b>दुसाध जातिका थरहरु (पासवान, हजारा)</b><br />
दुसाद, हजारी, पासमान<br />
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<b>धोवी जातिका थरहरु (रजक, हिन्दु)</b><br />
पथिक, कनौजिया, आर्या, पत्थरकट्टा, मगता, माहुत, कुशवडिया, मंगी, वाल्मीकि, शाकी, रमन, धावी, साफी, वैठ्ठा, निर्मलकार, रत्ना, बेठा, मेहता, मधैया, आर्य, मधेसीया, दास, राजधोव, कनेजीया, धोवी, रमण, राउत, माझी, धवल, सम्धी, एसर<br />
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<b>पासी जातिका थरहरु</b><br />
सूर्या, महतो, चौधरी, गौतम, तरसुहिया<br />
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<b>बाँतर जातिका थरहरु</b><br />
सरदार, माझी, धोकेवाल, राजवंशी, ढोकेवाज, माइती<br />
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<b>मुसहर जातिका थरहरु</b><br />
सदा, ऋषिदेव, हेमराम, भदरी, माझी, तिरुहुतिया, मधैया, ढोलबाजा, कहरिँया, रिखिकुल, तिरासक<br />
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<b>मेस्तर जातिका थरहरु</b><br />
राउत, मेहतर, जम्दार, मंगी<br />
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<b>सरभङ्ग जातिका थरहरु (सरवरीया)</b><br />
सरभोर, सरभङ्ग, धामी, बाँतर, नटAnonymousnoreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-3140067871903055602013-04-22T18:05:00.003-07:002023-03-17T03:21:06.775-07:00Dashnami people<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Dashami Sanyasi (दशनामी सन्यासी) is one of the Hindu religious-cultural group. One portion of Sanyasi people lives in Nepal too. Literally, Dash (दश) means Ten in the Nepali language. Dashami includes people having 10 last names (Surnames).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">It is a Hindu monastic tradition of Ekadandi sanyasis generally associated with the 'Advaita Vedanta' tradition. They are distinct in their practices from the Saiva sanyasi (Tridandi) and from Vaisnav sanyasi. The Tridandi sanyasi continues to wear Janai (the sacred thread across the shoulder) after renunciation, while Ekadandi sanyasi does not. Any Hindu, irrespective of class, caste, age, or gender can seek sanyas (सन्यास / Renunciation) as an Ekadandi monk under the Dasnami tradition.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Sri Adi Shankaracharya (788-820 AD) organized a part of the Ekadandi monks under an umbrella grouping of ten names to provide an organized base for the growth of Hinduism. Later on, these 10 groups became 10 surnames. But today many of these branches are different and not in control of Shankara Math. Some of the branches started their own tradition and beliefs during centuries.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">10 Surnames of Dasnami in are:-</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Giri (गिरी) (Peak of the mountain)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Puri (पुरी) (A town)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Bharathi (भारती) (the Goddess of speech)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Ban or Van (बन) (the forest)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Tirtha (तिर्थ) (A shrine or pilgrimage)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Parvat (पर्वत) (a mountain)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Sagar (सागर) (the ocean)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Saraswati (सरस्वती) (the Goddess of learning)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Aashram (आश्रम) (Hermitage)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Aranya (आरन्य) (forest)<span style="background-color: white; color: #0c0c0c; text-align: center;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c0c0c;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><b>Background</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c0c0c; font-family: inherit;">Vedanta </span><span style="color: #0c0c0c; font-family: inherit;"> (</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">वेदान्त) </span><span style="color: #0c0c0c; font-family: inherit;">or Utter Mimamsa</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> is one major school of thought in </span>Hinduism<span style="font-family: inherit;">. </span></span><span style="color: #0c0c0c; font-family: inherit;">Prasthanatrayi (प्रस्थानत्रयी), the t</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c; font-family: inherit;">hree basic texts of Hindu philosophy, Upanishads (</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">उपनिषदः)</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c; font-family: inherit;">, Brahma Sutras (</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">ब्रह्म सूत्र)</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c; font-family: inherit;"> and Bhagavad Gita (</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता)</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c; font-family: inherit;"> are the basis of Vedanta tradition. There are at least 10 sub-school of thoughts in Vedanta tradition,</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c; font-family: inherit;"> of which Advaita Vedanta is one and well known.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c0c0c; font-family: inherit;">Adi Shankaracharya (788-820 AD) is the key figure in Advaita Vedanta tradition though it was initiated way before (before 400 AD). He systematized the works of preceding philosophers. He brought all the Vedic communities together. </span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">He </span>synthesized<span style="font-family: inherit;"> and rejuvenated the doctrine of Advaita.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">Adi Shankaracharya established the Dashanami Sampradaya, organizing a section of the Ekadandi monks under an umbrella grouping of ten names. Several other Hindu monastic and Ekadandi traditions remained outside the organization of the Dasanamis. </span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">He organized the Hindu monastics of these ten sects under four maṭhas (</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">मठ). Each maṭha was headed by one of his four main disciples, who each continues the Vedanta Sampradaya. All the 10 sects were assigned to the respective different maths, though any one of the sects could join any other different math.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">1. </span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">Govardhana matha or </span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">Jagannatha Puri</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;"> in the east </span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;"> (Puri, Odisha, India) </span></span><a href="http://govardhanpeeth.org/" target="_blank">WS</a><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> - Ban (बन),<span style="color: #0c0c0c;"> </span>Aranya (आरन्य) </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">2. Dvaraka Pitha in the west (Dwarka, Gujarat, India)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> - Tirtha (तिर्थ), Aashram (आश्रम) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">3. </span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">Jyotirmath Pitha in the north (near Badrinath, Uttarakhand, India)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> - Giri (गिरी), Parvat (पर्वत), Sagar (सागर)</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">4. Sringeri Sharada Peetha in the south (Chikkamagalur district, Karnataka, India) </span></span><a href="http://www.sringeri.net/" target="_blank">WS</a><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> - Puri (पुरी), Saraswati (सरस्वती), Bharathi (भारती</span>)<br />
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<span style="color: #0c0c0c; font-family: inherit;"><b>Gotras of Dashami</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c0c0c;">Puri, Saraswati, Bharati</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">: Bhaveswa</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c0c0c;">Tirtha, Ashram</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">: Adhigata</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c0c0c;">Ban, Aranya</span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">: Kashyap</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c0c0c;">Giri, Parvat, Sagar </span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;">:Bhrigu</span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c0c0c;"><b>See Also</b></span><br /><span style="color: #0c0c0c;"><a href="http://karma99.blogspot.com/2013/01/list-of-gotra-and-thari_5.html">List of Gotra and Thari</a></span><span style="color: #0c0c0c;"><br /></span></div>
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Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com24tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-13199363254403430092013-02-05T07:32:00.001-08:002024-01-01T02:55:19.868-08:00List Temples in Nepal<div>
This is the comprehensive list of all major temples in Nepal. It is estimated that there are over 30,000 temples in the country. <br />
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<b>List of Shiva Temples in Nepal</b><br />
<br /><b>#Bagmati Pradesh</b> </div><div><br />
🕉️ <b>Shree Pashupatinath Temple </b>(श्री पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर) : This is the most significant Hindu temple in the world. It is situated in the heart of city Kathmandu, and very close to the Tribhuvan Intl Airport. The temple is believed to be more than 2000 years old. It is also a UNESCO world heritage site.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJi1m8s0i1gjHeQE6wxMzNGB3cTJk67Zv50gRV2CmQBgzrGVK6VSd43nWDnTnKMCxctBKaEWnMPtBe3_opzkOoxoKrcGfXoMQzkFZh3igu6D5m9vhyQYe4DCtXSXq6M6W5OGZTysxwZ-0/s1600/pashupatinath.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJi1m8s0i1gjHeQE6wxMzNGB3cTJk67Zv50gRV2CmQBgzrGVK6VSd43nWDnTnKMCxctBKaEWnMPtBe3_opzkOoxoKrcGfXoMQzkFZh3igu6D5m9vhyQYe4DCtXSXq6M6W5OGZTysxwZ-0/s1600/pashupatinath.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Shree Pashupatinath Temple, Kathmandu</td></tr>
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🕉️ <b>Kailasnath Mahadev Statue</b> (कैलाशनाथ महादेव मुर्ति) : being of 143 ft, this is the world's tallest statue of Lord Shiva. Its situated in Sanga Hill, Bhaktapur, Nepal which is almost 20 km from Kathmandu city center.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQb3Sl0hnFVORvvov44p_yJJ7Wgsey_JhhsCEWkW0pHey7DKHoADf9114-dLr5-98x3eYNjJiZ_j-9hU3m_HJB6J5lOibaZzjHOuKcfTVn41A_7rvTVmtRY13eZxKhoH0FlJTz1bddjyk/s1600/kailashnath.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQb3Sl0hnFVORvvov44p_yJJ7Wgsey_JhhsCEWkW0pHey7DKHoADf9114-dLr5-98x3eYNjJiZ_j-9hU3m_HJB6J5lOibaZzjHOuKcfTVn41A_7rvTVmtRY13eZxKhoH0FlJTz1bddjyk/s1600/kailashnath.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kailashnath Mahadev Statue, Bhaktapur</td></tr>
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🕉️ <b>Doleshwor Mahadev Temple</b> (डोलेश्वोर महादेव मन्दिर) : Its the head part of the famous Indian temple Kedarnath. Its located in Suryavinayak municipality, Bhaktapur district.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUsHgXznL5JPqQKxc2NdnzWJgFT2EUv0r12WpHYkZF85UFcAoMZrjnqkia02Mn_DAztP0o5BWOLncOqNXI4ohVy5D63mEv6OpQEQjXagnNaN8l_Bwx1ZfD5j_RMcvHr4ilcR6urPWdK1s/s1600/Doleshwor+Mahadev.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUsHgXznL5JPqQKxc2NdnzWJgFT2EUv0r12WpHYkZF85UFcAoMZrjnqkia02Mn_DAztP0o5BWOLncOqNXI4ohVy5D63mEv6OpQEQjXagnNaN8l_Bwx1ZfD5j_RMcvHr4ilcR6urPWdK1s/s1600/Doleshwor+Mahadev.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Doleshwor Mahadev, Bhaktapur</td></tr>
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<b>Gokarneshwor Mahadev Temple, Kathmandu </b>(गोकर्ण महादेव मन्दिर)<b> </b>: Its inside Kathmandu valley almost 8 miles away from Kathmandu city center. People who lost their father visit this temple on Gokarna Aunsi, which falls around September.<br />
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM93YqqupS6WOk-WACbBsyDE53D3Opu49ZQsM7jQCWOxFDnghv4iNgUj-tLqu2KoFUROtDxCU_a4j2-csaYRQxHqQPuxxXyRoa17Ot3SXUQqKPFDxp2xhv1MgpoxaJTblUEh5Ptn3pWwY/s1600/GokarnaMahadevTemple.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM93YqqupS6WOk-WACbBsyDE53D3Opu49ZQsM7jQCWOxFDnghv4iNgUj-tLqu2KoFUROtDxCU_a4j2-csaYRQxHqQPuxxXyRoa17Ot3SXUQqKPFDxp2xhv1MgpoxaJTblUEh5Ptn3pWwY/s1600/GokarnaMahadevTemple.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;">Gokarna Mahadev Temple<br />
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<b>Mahadev Parvati Temple, Kathmandu</b> (महादेव पार्वती मन्दिर) : Its situated in Kathmandu Durbar Square. Its also known as Shiva-Parvati Temple. Kathmandu Darbar Square including this temple is a UNESCO world heritage site.<br />
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYwlog90AQsWlMpnv_Fi4DnFX1pfm4-ps69WSPCNR_OcCdamzXZqO3dzzrdIb7A4svibxbht-rTsM-cTI6SLSNytUSn54zQ_s7gvm16MheDALl4kJeCwXVdCqq7q0SLIJku2Bqmy1TmcQ/s1600/ShivaParbatiTempleKathmanduDarbarSquare.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYwlog90AQsWlMpnv_Fi4DnFX1pfm4-ps69WSPCNR_OcCdamzXZqO3dzzrdIb7A4svibxbht-rTsM-cTI6SLSNytUSn54zQ_s7gvm16MheDALl4kJeCwXVdCqq7q0SLIJku2Bqmy1TmcQ/s1600/ShivaParbatiTempleKathmanduDarbarSquare.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;">Shiva Parvati Temple, Kathmandu Darbar Square<br />
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<b>Gyaneshwor Mahadev Temple</b>, Kathmandu (ज्ञानेश्वर महादेव मन्दिर, काठमाडौँ) : It is located at Gyandhara, Kathmandu near busy city center Dillibazar.<br />
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDGGj1e_X0RtyaEiSWoj0icG2IHxPg610As_WzJo8hXBa56H1QTcIFZcsnfvBIWa-6io0hh4IqqDZwI5319MQjgwdqj6uPiesHlTQdBWg19s4Z6uaYZovf56ELJNPpAtCt3XlZV0HLiAQ/s1600/Gyaneshwor.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDGGj1e_X0RtyaEiSWoj0icG2IHxPg610As_WzJo8hXBa56H1QTcIFZcsnfvBIWa-6io0hh4IqqDZwI5319MQjgwdqj6uPiesHlTQdBWg19s4Z6uaYZovf56ELJNPpAtCt3XlZV0HLiAQ/s1600/Gyaneshwor.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;">Gyaneshwor Mahadeve Temple, Kathmandu<br />
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<b>Kirateshwor Mahadev</b>: near Pashupatinath. </div><div><br />
<b>Aadinath Mahadev </b>(आदिनाथ महादेव) : Its located near Sitapaila, Kathmandu.<br />
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<b>Yamaleshwor Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located at Kanti Path, Kathmandu</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Nageshwor mahadev</b>: located near purano sinamangal, Kathmandu. <br />
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<b>Shree Bhuvneshwar Mahadev Temple </b>: It is located at Layaku, Basantapur, Kathmandu<br />
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<b>Shree Suryamukhi Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located at Layaku, Kathmandu<br />
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<b>Shree Kapileshwor Mahadev</b> : It is located at Paropakar Marga, Kathmandu<br />
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<b>Kalmochan Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located at Tripura Marg, Kathmandu<br />
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<b>Dayeshwor Mahadev</b> : It is located at Bungol Marg, Lazimpat, Kathmandu<br />
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<b>Shree Mrityunjayeshwar Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located at Panipokhari, Kathmandu<br />
<br /><b>Rudreshwor Mahadev</b>: in Kathmandu.<br />—-<br />
<b>Govrateshwor Mahadev Temple (Luvu) </b>(गोभ्राटेश्वर महादेव) : Its located in Luvu, Lalitpur.<br />
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<b>Ratneshwor Mahadev</b> : It is located at Mikhabahal, Lalitpur.<div><br /></div><div><b>Santaneshwor Mahadev Temple </b>(सन्तानेश्वर महादेव) : It is located in near Bajra Barahi temple in Lalitpur District. It is believed that the people who do not have children, once they please Lord Shiva visiting Santaneshwor Mahadev Temple then their lap would not get barren. There is another temple of same name near Kathmandu durbar square.</div><div>———-</div><div><br /></div>
<b>Yaksheshwor Mahadeva Temple</b> (यक्षेस्वर महादेव मन्दिर) : Its located in Bhaktapur district.<br />
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<b>Aananta Lingeshwor Mahadev</b> (अनन्त लिंगेश्वर महादेव) : Its located in Gundu, Bhaktapur district.<br />
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<b>Latalamashor Mahadev </b>: It is located near Kailashnath Mahadev statue by Araniko highway.<br />
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<b>Bikateshwor Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located near Kailashnath Mahadev statue by Araniko highway.<br />
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<b>Bhakteshwar Mahadev</b> : It is located at Kirtipur-15.<br />
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<b>Bhimmukteshwar Mandir </b>: Its located in Kalimati, Kathmandu. This temple was built by Mathwar Sing Thapa, prime minister and relative of Bhimsen Thapa. Temple is located at the same river-side where Bhimsen's body lied dead.<br />
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<b>Ranamukteshwar Mandir</b> : Its located behind Sundhara in Kathmandu. This temple was built by Bhimsen Thapa in 1827 in memory of King Rana Bahadur Shah, who was assassinated at the same place. It is constructed in Rajput style which is not found in Nepal very often.<br />
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<b>Aashapuri Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located in Ryale, Bhaktapur. Kailsahnath mahadev statue is in same area in north of Araniko highway. This temple is in south.<br />
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<b>Ugreshwor Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located at Banepa, Kavre.<br />
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<b>Nilkantheshwor Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located at Dhulikhel<br />
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<b>Gaukhureshowr Mahadev</b> : It is located at Resort marga, Dhulikhel<br />
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<b>Indreshwor Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located at Indreshwor Rd, Panauti.<br />
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<b>Lokeshor Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located at Bahunbesi- Saharetar Rd, Narjamandap<br />
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<b>Kabilash Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located near Lokeshwor Mahadev Temple.<br />
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<b>Jagabaijyeshwor Mahadev Temple </b>(जग-विजयश्वर महादेव) : Its located at Trebeni ghat near BP highway.<br />
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<b>Dolaleshwor Mahadev Temple</b> (दोलालेश्वर महादेव) : Its located at Dolalghat, Kabhre.<br />
<br /><b>Kapil dev Mahadev</b> : It is located at Batase.</div><div><br />
<b>Kapileshwor Mahadev Temple </b>(कपिलेश्वर महादेव) : Its located on Araniko highway almost mid point of Kathmandu to Kodari.<br />
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<b>Chakreswori Mahadev Than, Sangba</b> (चक्रेश्वरी महादेव) : Its located near Gaurishankhar Conservation area.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Jaleshwor Mahadev: </b>located in Bhimeshwor municipality. <br />
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<b>Satyeswor Mahadev Mandir </b>(सत्येश्वर महादेव) : It is located near Hetauda by East-West highway.</div>
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<b>Khandeshwor Mahadev Temple </b>(खन्डेश्वर महादेव): It is located at Ambhanjyang on Tribhuvan Rajpath near Hetauda.</div>
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<b># Koshi Pradesh (Eastern Nepal)</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div>
<div><div>🕉️ <b>Halesi Mahadev </b>(हलेसी महादेव) : It is located in Khotang district inside the massive cave. It is popular as The Pashupatinath of the eastern Nepal. There are three mysterious caves which are believed to be the three eyes of Lord Shiva. The natural cave is estimated to be in existence since 6000 years<br />
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixPYy7Ac65_yFei6_l0l8nMUb5I0wt3EBjYy2n3yJHpyQ3R3nXdQKGhZbng7JfmJrVV3X75ssBe0XQuC8Vo6VZyUsoJUnX2drAIK5sPL6frGXEye2xPRj1bv8eclPEOdsefaidsc8Ns58/s1600/halesi+mahadev.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixPYy7Ac65_yFei6_l0l8nMUb5I0wt3EBjYy2n3yJHpyQ3R3nXdQKGhZbng7JfmJrVV3X75ssBe0XQuC8Vo6VZyUsoJUnX2drAIK5sPL6frGXEye2xPRj1bv8eclPEOdsefaidsc8Ns58/s1600/halesi+mahadev.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;">Halesi Mahadev, Khotang</td></tr>
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<b>Arjundhara Temple, Jhapa </b>(अर्जुनधारा मन्दिर, झापा) : its in Jhapa district in south eastern Nepal. Its also considered to be the Pashupatinath of east.<br />
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt2DXAovZWx00_QfhH5Rh7N9C-PAL-z62ET1aF9u_rDm3OBuMXsvrPfXLdRhE0JGdYyqk7ngLg7AK_kmxanTuOnlN68DDiot-s_1skuQp6ZqKeb-QnA4wIDQ1h_J66ptlO5DD-GaLPLeM/s1600/arjundhara1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt2DXAovZWx00_QfhH5Rh7N9C-PAL-z62ET1aF9u_rDm3OBuMXsvrPfXLdRhE0JGdYyqk7ngLg7AK_kmxanTuOnlN68DDiot-s_1skuQp6ZqKeb-QnA4wIDQ1h_J66ptlO5DD-GaLPLeM/s1600/arjundhara1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;">Arjundhara Temple, Jhapa<br />
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<b>Trailokyeshor Mahadev, Dhankuta </b>(त्रैलोक्येश्वर महादेव) : Its located in Kurule Tenupa VDC, Dhankuta. </div>
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<b>Pashupati Mandir, Damak, Jhapa</b> (पशुपति मन्दिर, दमक, झापा) : Its located in Damak municipality.<br />
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<b>Nandeshwor Mahadev, Jhapa </b>(नन्देश्वर महादेव) : It is located at Bahundangi VDC, Jhapa.<br />
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<b>Swargapuri Mahadev Temple, Illam </b>(स्वर्गपुरी महादेव मन्दिर, ईलाम) : It is located at Ravi, Illam.<br />
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<b>Kiranteshwar Mahadev</b> : It is located by Pangma - Heluwabesi Rd.</div>
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<b>Banaskhandi Mahadev Mandir, Biratnagar</b> (बनसखन्डी महादेव मन्दिर) : Its located at Devkota Chowk, Biratnagar, Morang.<br />
<br /><b># Madhesh Pradesh </b></div><div><b><br /></b>
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<b>Jaleshwor Mahadev Temple, Mahottari</b> (जलेश्वर महादेव मन्दिर, महोत्तरी) : It is located in south eastern district of Mahottari, not too far from famous Ram Janaki Temple in Janakpurdham.<br />
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI2BrXppPwX6hDgXh-gdMs0IoZBu-tnUdpkOmuXTBrfxmHVpLFlVlJgyyuehQGRv9PcqJ-S5ABpfTVtxn0AnZSsvE745lKHNvhDqzOHVkIJmQ-dTsuhPT32EEHpP0ktIWRhBH8er_XeNc/s1600/Jaleshwor+Mahadev.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI2BrXppPwX6hDgXh-gdMs0IoZBu-tnUdpkOmuXTBrfxmHVpLFlVlJgyyuehQGRv9PcqJ-S5ABpfTVtxn0AnZSsvE745lKHNvhDqzOHVkIJmQ-dTsuhPT32EEHpP0ktIWRhBH8er_XeNc/s1600/Jaleshwor+Mahadev.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;">Jaleshwor Mahadev Temple<br />
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<b>Shiva Mandir, Dhanusha </b>(शिव मन्दिर, धनुषा) : Its situated in Janakpurdham, Dhanusha district near very famous Ramjanaki mandir on South eastern part of Nepal. Janakpurdham is linked with shiva as shiva had given his bow (pinaka) to ancestors of King Janak for safe-keeping. Bhagwan Ram incidentally break the dhanush during the swyamber with Sita.<br />
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<b>Malegileshwori Mahadev Mandir</b> : Its located near near Chandranigahpur (Cha'pur) by East west highway.<br />
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<b>State no 4 to 7 (Western Nepal)</b></div><div><b><br /></b><div> 🕉️ <b>Sidda Baba Temple, Palpa </b>(सिद्ध बाबा मन्दिर) : It is located in Butwal on Siddartha highway on the way to Pokhara.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsb7uNJVnrYmOwT7zK4JDnvX0xJzPYe0BS4DD0-rYDhTujJ15KmkrwJMQ48LFO_jmiK05drSb1mODYgx9Zi4LEDRkXrylKv355X34bmK-QFcERg5PI9W1EWiuEmyeL2mR_LZk5Wl3RwPs/s1600/siddbaba.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsb7uNJVnrYmOwT7zK4JDnvX0xJzPYe0BS4DD0-rYDhTujJ15KmkrwJMQ48LFO_jmiK05drSb1mODYgx9Zi4LEDRkXrylKv355X34bmK-QFcERg5PI9W1EWiuEmyeL2mR_LZk5Wl3RwPs/s1600/siddbaba.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sidda Baba Temple</td></tr>
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<b>Pandabeshwor Mahadev, Dang </b>(<span face=""helvetica" , "arial" , "lucida grande" , "tahoma" , "verdana" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px; text-align: left;">पाण्डवेश्वर महादेव) : Its located in Dharapani of Dharna VDC -1, Dang district in western Nepal. World's largest Trishul (Trident, </span><span face=""helvetica" , "arial" , "lucida grande" , "tahoma" , "verdana" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: #141823;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px;">त्रिशुल) of Bhagwan Shiva is recently established in 2015 February. The height of Trishul is 55.5 feet and weight is 8,113 kg. Its made of Panchadhatu (the five metals) i.e. Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass and Iron. </span></span><br />
<span face=""helvetica" , "arial" , "lucida grande" , "tahoma" , "verdana" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="color: #141823;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<b style="text-align: justify;">Gupteshwor Mahadev Cave, Pokhara </b><span style="text-align: justify;">(गुप्तेश्वोर महादेव गुफा) : Its located in beautiful city of Pokhara. The cave is 140 meter long in total and divided into two parts. At the end of the first part there is a Shiva Temple after 40 meters. Second part goes all the way to 100 meters. At the end which we can see the beautiful view of Davi's Fall from underground.</span></div>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNiYObjb2l5QoL2k1Y3_2IYCZaz-1WCp-TFQYwgB4REP6_Cypx8PtRS9fheLdd0-qGgjAQjHr7_uZShYIR5X0IxANbuA0V5dJH0KZ2wRMTH3OwbN-CEOo0kJhGb_4iK4Qp3BLhvYACDd4/s1600/Gupteshwor.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNiYObjb2l5QoL2k1Y3_2IYCZaz-1WCp-TFQYwgB4REP6_Cypx8PtRS9fheLdd0-qGgjAQjHr7_uZShYIR5X0IxANbuA0V5dJH0KZ2wRMTH3OwbN-CEOo0kJhGb_4iK4Qp3BLhvYACDd4/s1600/Gupteshwor.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;">Gupteshwor Mahadev Cave, Pokhara<br />
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<b>Kedareshwor Mahadev, Kaski </b>(केदारेश्वर महादेव, कास्की): It is located at Kaski district in western Nepal.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZS8BZhoywMrOhtG-tnEMrtnLjw4KzJNgGYnwSnEdrTezVyDc48klUaJiGHFDT6IP7pCyy-wzcJJ7PZMCQpzZbYpR8YlWsrYIvywaE2Sjh_uIRhLpCyLgHJb1Tar8cHuUzp-9MjNvzvGY/s1600/Kedareshwor_Mahadev.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZS8BZhoywMrOhtG-tnEMrtnLjw4KzJNgGYnwSnEdrTezVyDc48klUaJiGHFDT6IP7pCyy-wzcJJ7PZMCQpzZbYpR8YlWsrYIvywaE2Sjh_uIRhLpCyLgHJb1Tar8cHuUzp-9MjNvzvGY/s1600/Kedareshwor_Mahadev.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kedareshwor Mahadev Temple, Kaski</td></tr>
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<b>Dhudeshwor Mahadev</b> : Its located at Jita, Lamjung.<br />
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<b>Ishaneshwor Mahadev</b> : It is located at Bhorletar near Pokhara.<br />
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<b>Shree Karpureswor Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located at Besisahar, Lamjung.<br />
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<b>Bhim Bireshwor Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located at Namjung VDC, Gorkha<br />
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<b>Bhirgetungeshwar Mahadev Mandir</b> : It is located at Chandi Bhanjyang<br />
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<b>Nilkantha Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located near Bhirgetungeshwar Mahadev Mandir.<br />
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<b>Vidyeshwar Mahadev Mandir</b> : It is located near Davghat.<br />
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<b>Trinetreshwor Mahadev Temple </b>: It is located by East-West Hwy near Tikapur.<br />
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<b>Mugling Gupteshwor Mahadev Temple</b> : It is located at mungling Narayangarn khand by Prithvi highway.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">List of Shaktipeeths</span></b><br />
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These are the places to worship the goddess Shakti or sati. According to Shree Swasthani brata katha some parts of satidevi had fallen in Nepal during world tour of Shiva carrying her dead body. All of those places became shaktipeeth. Where as some other holy temples dedicated to Kali, durga, devi, sati or sakti (female power) are also considered shaktipeeths.</div>
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<u># Bagmati Pradesh</u></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5q0KEGd8NDpArspO9EttDQFER-mDlkoohUkn6v5C1dIaHLPY3610PeFHMtBL95eg2Hr3JTjXJXVzDCynODCMZewlwJAqeBcJbUi77tQZz_4J0V-0aGqzXQi2of6bSkeOcIIavXiywlTo/s1600/manokamana.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5q0KEGd8NDpArspO9EttDQFER-mDlkoohUkn6v5C1dIaHLPY3610PeFHMtBL95eg2Hr3JTjXJXVzDCynODCMZewlwJAqeBcJbUi77tQZz_4J0V-0aGqzXQi2of6bSkeOcIIavXiywlTo/s1600/manokamana.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Manokamana Temple, Kathmandu</td></tr>
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* Manokamana (मनोकामना) : This is situated in hills of Gorkha district but linked with the highway by cable car which makes the tour more enjoyable. Literally Manokamana means the fulfillment of desire. So its believed that the desire of the <span style="background-color: white;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">pilgrim </span></span></span>will be fulfilled going there.</div>
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* Bhadrakali (भद्रकाली) : she is considered the daughter of Lord Shiva. The famous and historical Bhadrakali temple is in the heart of Kathmandu city.</div>
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* Guhyeshwari (गुय्हेश्वरी) : is also in the Kathmandu city next to famous Pashupatinath Temple. Its is believed that "holy ass" of goddess Sati was fallen here.</div>
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* Dakshinkali (दक्षिणकाली): its in Kathmandu valley almost 15 miles off city of Kathmandu.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEoKT9HUjMKrs1d-fn1kS65TOfpgVIIpa1MO2DZcBREfF0HQ9GbAmAJccjaOY6jNHyv2JWIsMdDuoLuHLOL8Cm_5OtLv4zpe3gTcvnDvhOfJuMUnRwPV-np_aTLrYjypImOCEcsc84R6g/s1600/Dakshinkali.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEoKT9HUjMKrs1d-fn1kS65TOfpgVIIpa1MO2DZcBREfF0HQ9GbAmAJccjaOY6jNHyv2JWIsMdDuoLuHLOL8Cm_5OtLv4zpe3gTcvnDvhOfJuMUnRwPV-np_aTLrYjypImOCEcsc84R6g/s1600/Dakshinkali.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Daksinkali Temple, Kathamndu</td></tr>
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* Maitidevi (मैतीदेवी) : It is in the heart of Kathmandu city. The neighborhood itself is called Maitidevi because of this Temple.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnTmRP9X4tH4N7iOcAu13poMvBVUTBIfKVqdS_tAiOtRgCfF-Ge1-F6M1LGo8LMiWyNjDIIh2EVo_IkdPS_jI225HmLs97A3xDNzp6O5-z3tj6m81hMHTRM8bNApE0z0ZfreBKdpcdm3Y/s1600/Maitidevi.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnTmRP9X4tH4N7iOcAu13poMvBVUTBIfKVqdS_tAiOtRgCfF-Ge1-F6M1LGo8LMiWyNjDIIh2EVo_IkdPS_jI225HmLs97A3xDNzp6O5-z3tj6m81hMHTRM8bNApE0z0ZfreBKdpcdm3Y/s1600/Maitidevi.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Maitidevi Temple, Kathmandu</td></tr>
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* Shobha Bhagawati (शोभा भगवती) : Its in Kathmandu river on Bisnumati River.<br />
* Bijeshwori Temple (बिजेश्वोरी मन्दिर) : Its in Dallu, Kathmandu.<br />
* Harati Devi Temple (हारती देवी मन्दिर): its near Bijeshwori temple and Chhauni, Kathmandu.<br />
* Naxal Bhagawati (नक्साल भगवती ) : It is situated in Naxal, Kathmandu.<br />
* Taleju Bhawani (तलेजु भवानी) : There are three Taleju bhawani temples in Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur districts. This temple is linked with Mithila Kingdom of Simraungarh (1097-1324). It is said that the last King Hari Singa Dev escaped from Simraungrah to Kathmandu valley with Taleju bhawani.</div>
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* Shankata (संकटा) : Its in the heart of Kathmandu city just next to Kathmandu Darbur Square.</div>
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* Baglamukhi (बगलामुखी) : It is in Lalitpur district not too far from the Kathmandu.</div>
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* Palanchowk Bhagawati (पलान्चोक भगवती) : It is in Kavre district almost 50 miles from the Kathmandu city.<br />
* Nala Bhagawati (नाला भगवती): It is located in Nala Ugrachandi v.d.c. in Kabhre district near Banepa city. </div>
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<u># Koshi and Madhesh</u></div>
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<b>* </b>Pathivara, Taplejung (ठूली पाथिभरा) : there are two temples of the same name "Pathivara" in eastern Nepal, The northern is considered big (thulo) and southern is considered small (sano). Thulo pathibhara is in district of Taplejung on the lap of Himalaya. It is kind of hard to reach there, but still thousands of people visit there every year.<br />
* Pathivara, Illam (सानो पाथिभरा): The Sano pathibhara temple is at Illam district, near an easily accessible Mechi highway. It is almost an hour drive from city of Birtamode, Jhapa. You have to climb almost half mile long stair to reach to the temple at the top the the hill.</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Pathivara, Illam</td></tr>
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<b>* </b>Dantyakali (दंत्यकाली) : It is in eastern city of Dharan. Its believed that teeth of goddess Sati was fallen here.</div>
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* Gadhimai (गढीमाई) : It is in south eartern Bara district. Widely disputed "Gadhimai Festival" is organized here in every 5 years.</div>
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* Jalpadevi (जाल्पादेवी) : This temple is situated in Chintang village almost 5 miles far from Dhankuta. The temple is also caled as Chintang devi.<br />
* Kalinchok Bhagawati (कालिन्चोक भगवती) : It is situated in Dolakha district.</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><u># Western Nepal</u></div>
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* Bindhyabasini Temple, Pokhara (बिन्ध्याबासिनी मन्दिर) : It is located at famous tourist city of Pokhara in western Nepal.</div>
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* Taal Barahi Temple, Pokhara (ताल बाराही मन्दिर) : It is located at the center of Fewa Taal at Pokhara in western Nepal.</div>
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* Akaladevi Temple, Tanahun (अकलादेवी मन्दिर, तनहुँ ) : It is near Kathmandu-Pokhara highway.<br />
* Udipur Kalika Temple, Lamjung (उदीपुर कालिका मन्दिर) : It is situated in Udipur town of Besisahar Municipality in Lamjung district.<br />
* Chhangchhangdi Temple, Syangja (छाँगाछाङ्दी मन्दीर, स्याङ्जा) : Its located in Syangja District Chhangchhangdi VDC.<br />
* Bala Tripura Sundari Temple, Dolpa (बाला त्रिपुरा सुन्दरी देवी मन्दिर) : Its located in Tripurakot VDC, Dolpa district, Karnali zone. This temple is said to be established in the year 1114. Satidevi's back was fallen here during world tour of Mahadev carrying her dead body.<br />
* Badi Malika Temple, Bajura (बडी मालिका मन्दिर) : Its located in Bajura district. This place is said to be the Mallagiri mountain described in Swasthani brata katha were Satidevi's left shoulder was fallen.<br />
* Daunne Devi Temple, Nawalparasi (दाउन्ने देबी मन्दीर) : It is located Nawalparasi district by EastWest Highway.<br />
* Maula Kalika Temple, Nawalparasi (मौलाकालिका मन्दिर): It is the temple of Goddess Kalika located at Gaindakot, Nawalparasi district.<br />
* Kalika Temple, Bharatpur (कालिका मन्दिर, भरतपुर) : It is located in Bharatpur, Chitwan.<br />
* Zakhadi Mai Mandir, Bharatpur (जखडी माइ मन्दीर, भरतपुर) : It is located in Bharatpur, Chitwan.<br />
* Bageshwori Temple, Nepalgunj (बागेश्वर मन्दिर) : Its in the heart of Nepalgunj city.<br />
* Deuti Bajyai, Banke (देउती बज्यै मन्दीर) : It is near city of Kohalpur in Banke District.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">List of Krishna Temples </span></b><br />
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<b>Krishna Mandir of Patan (पाटनको कृष्ण मन्दिर) </b>: Krishna Mandir of Patan is an iconic Krishna Temple in Nepal. Its located in the ancient Patan Darbar Square in Lalitpur. The whole Darbar square including this temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihGdZ2se_bJ2cp4iY3C6HHlxm2cw3yKP3pCiTzPUiBMAGVHTV-dDVL3rZPiyLt7Zlr411XrHXNVvDRy6qC_KZZV8qbr3xk46f4a3FTDZrnVfF5IWOtCfxK4CZU7Gc3umnR2MzHH5ny9xc/s1600/krishnamandir.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihGdZ2se_bJ2cp4iY3C6HHlxm2cw3yKP3pCiTzPUiBMAGVHTV-dDVL3rZPiyLt7Zlr411XrHXNVvDRy6qC_KZZV8qbr3xk46f4a3FTDZrnVfF5IWOtCfxK4CZU7Gc3umnR2MzHH5ny9xc/s1600/krishnamandir.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Krishna Mandir of Patan, Lalitpur</td></tr>
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Radha Krishna Temple, Pako, New Road, Kathmandu<br />
Radha Krishna Temple, Balajutar, Kathmandu<br />
Krishna Pranami Mandir, Motitar, Lalitpur<br />
Krishna Pranami Mandir, Banepa<br />
Radha Krishna Temple, Hetauda</div>
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Krishna Pranami Mandir, Birgunj</div>
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Krishna Pranami Mandir, Nijanand Dham, Rauthat</div>
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<b>Eastern Nepal</b></div>
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Krishna Pranami Mandir, Pokhariya, Biratnagar</div>
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Krishna Mandir, Koshi Highway, Itahari, Morang</div>
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Krishna Pranami Mandir, Pathivara Tole, Itahari, Morang</div>
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Krishna Pranami Mandir, Biratchowk, Indrapur, Morang</div>
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Krishna Pranami Mandir Dhulabari, Mechinagar, Jhapa<br />
Krishna Pranami Mandir, Sanischare, Jhapa<br />
Krishna Pranami Temple, Kotihom (Kankai River), Surunga, Jhapa</div>
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Radha Krishna Mandir, Damak, Jhapa</div>
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<b>Western Nepal</b></div>
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Krishna Pranami Mandir, Ratnanagar, Chitwan<br />
Radha Krishna Temple, Nawalparasi</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">List of Vishnu Temples</span></b></div>
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<b>Changunarayan </b>(चाँगुनारायण): This is one of the oldest Vishnu temple in the world. This temple dates back to 325 AD during the Lichchhivi era. Its is located on the top of Changu hill of Bhaktapur district, almost 10 miles East from Kathmandu. Its one among "Char (4) Narayans of Kathmandu valley." Other three are: Bishankhu Narayan, Shesh Narayan and Narayan than aka Budhanilkhantha which are south east, south west and north of Kathmandu respectively. Ichangu narayan is also included in this list sometimes.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhskugGL0JMjlWwrEKCO3bIcR449ASZ41iLdDFXWJXfJ2bcs7HhiKN_okJSBLIQ8dJmFPbh9B0X93SolJnmwyy_97lypnQSlst_Jej2w2dUtDF5VqlD-6Qj-GBuj8KkJ_WN_hJH54WFtdY/s1600/changunarayan.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhskugGL0JMjlWwrEKCO3bIcR449ASZ41iLdDFXWJXfJ2bcs7HhiKN_okJSBLIQ8dJmFPbh9B0X93SolJnmwyy_97lypnQSlst_Jej2w2dUtDF5VqlD-6Qj-GBuj8KkJ_WN_hJH54WFtdY/s1600/changunarayan.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Changunarayan Temple, Bhaktapur</td></tr>
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<b>Budhanilkantha </b>: This is also called the Sleeping Vishnu, or Jalakshayan Narayan. Its a stone statue of 5 meters in length lying in a reclining position inside a pond. It is believed that the statue was sculpted and brought during the reign of the 7th century monarch Vishnugupta who controlled the Kathmandu valley under the Licchavi king Bhimarjunadev. Usually the name 'Nilkantha' (the blue throat) is related to another deity Shiva. It is unknown why Budha-nilkantha was attached to Vishnu instead of Shiva. It was believed that if the King of Nepal visit this temple he would die. Following the tradition none of the Nepali Hindu kings visited this temple. Rather they made a replica of this in the Royal Palace.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXSzemj-TzFg6mpfB1OrCSq_8-WVSoDZKIFAXPXvYXyggToAHuovMxBLYjb1AuausgD4bwrrWV-YiAjY9X7WIpUR_UkYZWXHvo2J7KcEAc8xL3ApO3dYYiOvzltOctEugVMfOSBRRYX48/s1600/Budhanilkantha.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXSzemj-TzFg6mpfB1OrCSq_8-WVSoDZKIFAXPXvYXyggToAHuovMxBLYjb1AuausgD4bwrrWV-YiAjY9X7WIpUR_UkYZWXHvo2J7KcEAc8xL3ApO3dYYiOvzltOctEugVMfOSBRRYX48/s1600/Budhanilkantha.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Budhanilkantha Temple, Kathmandu</td></tr>
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<b>Shesh narayan </b>: It is located near Pharping near Dakshinkali temple. The main temple was built in the 17th century, but the cave to the right has been a place of pilgrimage for far longer. Its one among "4 Narayans of Kathmandu valley." (काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाका चार नारायण)</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxt8Edv_T8g6bNPoBRNA7YtnwHSqQjzpuvwXuG_3nZqsojK2_1F0rBFkPYj45h32iHJLHHg1YRkB4H3meFlifOhEF7jYSqUandNTV00hKxU_gNvEl8dcf0aeMuwqZwkgSzEKEQcrJb0Tk/s1600/Sheshnarayan.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxt8Edv_T8g6bNPoBRNA7YtnwHSqQjzpuvwXuG_3nZqsojK2_1F0rBFkPYj45h32iHJLHHg1YRkB4H3meFlifOhEF7jYSqUandNTV00hKxU_gNvEl8dcf0aeMuwqZwkgSzEKEQcrJb0Tk/s1600/Sheshnarayan.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Sheshnarayan, Pharping</td></tr>
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<b>Bishankhu Narayan</b> : Its located near Godabari, Lalitpur. Its one among "4 Narayans of Kathmandu valley."</div>
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<b>Char Narayan Temple / Jagannarayan </b>: This temple was built in 1565. Its located in Patan Darbar Square, Lalitpur. 2015 Earthquake completely destroyed this temple.<br />
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<b>Ichangu Narayan Temple : </b>Its located at Ichangu VDC, Kathmandu about 5 kms west of Kathmandu city center.<br />
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<b>Tilmadhav Narayan Temple </b>: Its located at Bhaktapur district near Bhaktapur Darbar Square.</div>
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<b>Wakupati narayan :</b> Its located in Bhaktapur District near Tilmadhav Narayan temple.</div>
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<b>Mani keshab narayan</b> : It is located at Lalitpur.</div>
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<b>Wonde Narayan</b> : Its located at Gunkamdev marg near Kathmandu darbar square.</div>
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<b>Muktinath </b>: It is located in Muktinath Valley Mustang district at the foot of Himalayas. It is a sacred place both for Hindus and Buddhists.</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Muktinath, Mustang</td></tr>
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<b>Chandannath Mandir, Jumla :</b> Its located at Khalanga Bazar, Jumla. </div>
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<b>Other Narayan Temples</b>: There are several temples in Nepal by the name of Satya Narayan or Shree Satya Narayan or Laxmi narayan etc. These are as follows:</div>
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(1) Bansidhar Marg, Kathmandu</div>
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(2) Inside Royal Palace, Kathmandu</div>
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(3) Narayan Temple, Kabhrepalanchowk</div>
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(4) Main Road, Biratnagar</div>
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(5) Ramailo Bazar Bayarban, Morang</div>
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(6) Dharampur, Jhapa</div>
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(7) Goldhap, Jhapa</div>
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(8) Duhabi Road, Inaruwa</div>
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(9) Myanglung municipality, Terathum</div>
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(10) Bharatpur Muglin-Narayanghat road</div>
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(11) Bharatpur</div>
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(12) Gitanagar near Bharatpur</div>
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(13) Hetauda</div>
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(14) Pokhara</div>
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(15) Dhangadhi </div>
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<hr style="text-align: start;" /></div><div style="text-align: start;"> <b style="font-family: times; text-align: justify;">108 names of Shiva: </b><span style="font-family: times; text-align: justify;">(</span><a href="http://www.mysansar.com/2018/02/30724/#more-30724" style="font-family: times; text-align: justify;" target="_blank">link</a><span style="font-family: times; text-align: justify;">)</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><div style="line-height: normal;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><div style="color: black; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="font-family: "times";">1. शिव – कल्याण स्वरूप </span><span style="font-family: "times";">2. महेश्वर – मायाको अधीश्वर </span><span style="font-family: "times";">3. शम्भू – आनन्द स्वरुप भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">4. पिनाकी – पिनाक धनुष धारण गर्नुहुने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">5. शशिशेखर – शिरमा चन्द्रमा धारण गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">6. वामदेव – अत्यन्त सुन्दर स्वरूप भएको </span><span style="font-family: "times";">7. विरूपाक्ष – डरलाग्दो आँखा भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">8. कपर्दी – जटाजूट धारण गरेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">9. नीललोहित – नीलो र रातो रंग भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">10. शंकर – सबैको कल्याण गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">11. शूलपाणी – हातमा त्रिशूल धारण गरेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">12. खटवांगी – खाटको एक पांग्रा राख्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">13. विष्णुवल्लभ – भगवान विष्णुको आत्मीय </span><span style="font-family: "times";">14. शिपिविष्ट – सितुहामा प्रवेश गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">15. अंबिकानाथ – भगवतिको पति </span><span style="font-family: "times";">16. श्रीकण्ठ – सुन्दर कण्ठ भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">17. भक्तवत्सल – भक्तहरुलाई अत्यंत स्नेह गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">18. भव – संसारको रूपमा प्रकट हुने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">19. शर्व – कष्टहरुको नष्ट गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">20. त्रिलोकेश – तीनै लोकहरुको स्वामी </span><span style="font-family: "times";">21. शितिकण्ठ – सेतो कण्ठ भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">22. शिवाप्रिय – पार्वतीको प्रिय </span><span style="font-family: "times";">23. उग्र – अत्यंत उग्र रूप भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">24. कपाली – कपाल धारण गरेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">25. कामारी – कामदेवको सत्रु </span><span style="font-family: "times";">26. अंधकारसुरसूदन – अंधक दैत्यलाई मर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">27. गंगाधर – गंगाजीलाई धारण गरेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">28. ललाटाक्ष – ललाटमा आँख भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">29. कालकाल – कालको पनि काल </span><span style="font-family: "times";">30. कृपानिधि – करूणाले भरपुर भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">31. भीम – भयंकर रूप भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">32. परशुहस्त – हातमा डमरु धारण गरेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">33. मृगपाणी – हातमा हरिणलाई धारण गरेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">34. जटाधर – जटा राखेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">35. कैलाशवासी – कैलाशको निवासी </span><span style="font-family: "times";">36. कवची – कवच धारण गरेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">37. कठोर – अत्यन्त मजबूत शरीर भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">38. त्रिपुरांतक – त्रिपुरासुरलाई मारेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">39. वृषांक – गोरुको चिह्न भएको झन्डावाला </span><span style="font-family: "times";">40. वृषभारूढ़ – गोरुको सवारी गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">41. भस्मोद्धूलितविग्रह – पुरै शरीरमा भस्म लगाउने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">42. सामप्रिय – सामगानसंग प्रेम गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">43. स्वरमयी – सातै स्वरहरुमा निवास गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">44. त्रयीमूर्ति – वेदरूपी विग्रह गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">45. अनीश्वर – जसको कुनै अरु मालिक छैन </span><span style="font-family: "times";">46. सर्वज्ञ – सबै कुरा जानेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">47. परमात्मा – सबै आत्माहरुका आत्मा </span><span style="font-family: "times";">48. सोमसूर्याग्निलोचन – चंद्र, सूर्य र अग्निरूपी आँख भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">49. हवि – आहूति रूपी द्रव्य भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">50. यज्ञमय – यज्ञस्वरूप भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">51. सोम – उमा(पार्वती) सहित रूप धारण गरेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">52. पंचवक्त्र – पांचमुख भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">53. सदाशिव – नित्य कल्याण रूप भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">54. विश्वेश्वर – सारा विश्वको ईश्वर </span><span style="font-family: "times";">55. वीरभद्र – बहादुर भएर पनि शांत रूप भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">56. गणनाथ – गणहरुको स्वामी </span><span style="font-family: "times";">57. प्रजापति – प्रजाहरुको पालन गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">58. हिरण्यरेता – स्वर्ण तेज भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">59. दुर्धुर्ष – कसैसँग पनि नडराउने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">60. गिरीश – पहाड़हरुको मालिक </span><span style="font-family: "times";">61. गिरिश – कैलाश पर्वतमा सुत्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">62. अनघ – पापरहित </span><span style="font-family: "times";">63. भुजंगभूषण – साँपको आभूषण लगाउने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">64. भर्ग – पापीहरुलाई दण्डित गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">65. गिरिधन्वा – मेरू पर्वतलाई धनुष बनाउने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">66. गिरिप्रिय – पर्वत प्रेमी </span><span style="font-family: "times";">67. कृत्तिवासा – गजचर्म लगाउने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">68. पुराराति – पुरहारको नाश गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">69. भगवान् – सर्वसमर्थ षड्ऐश्वर्य संपन्न </span><span style="font-family: "times";">70. प्रमथाधिप – प्रमथगणको अधिपति </span><span style="font-family: "times";">71. मृत्युंजय – मृत्युलाई जितेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">72. सूक्ष्मतनु – सूक्ष्म शरीर भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">73. जगद्व्यापी – जगत्मा व्याप्त भएर रहने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">74. जगद्गुरू – जगत्को गुरु </span><span style="font-family: "times";">75. व्योमकेश – आकाशरूपी कपाल भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">76. महासेनजनक – कार्तिकेय (कुमार) को पिता </span><span style="font-family: "times";">77. चारुविक्रम – सुन्दर पराक्रमी </span><span style="font-family: "times";">78. रूद्र – भक्तहरुको दुःख देखेर रुने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">79. भूतपति – भूतप्रेत र पंचभूतको स्वामी </span><span style="font-family: "times";">80. स्थाणु – स्पंदन रहित कूटस्थ रूप भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">81. अहिर्बुध्न्य – कुण्डलिनीको धारण गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">82. दिगम्बर – नग्न, आकाशरूपी वस्त्र लगाउने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">83. अष्टमूर्ति – आठ रूप भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">84. अनेकात्मा – अनेक रूप धारण गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">85. सात्त्विक – सत्व गुण भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">86. शुद्धविग्रह – शुद्धमूर्ति </span><span style="font-family: "times";">87. शाश्वत – नित्य (सधैँ) रही रहने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">88. खण्डपरशु – टुटेको हलो धारण गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">89. अज – जन्मरहित </span><span style="font-family: "times";">90. पाशविमोचन – बन्धनहरुबाट छुटाउने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">91. मृड – सुखस्वरूप भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">92. पशुपति – सम्पूर्ण पशुहरुको मालिक </span><span style="font-family: "times";">93. देव – स्वयं प्रकाश रूप </span><span style="font-family: "times";">94. महादेव – देवहरुको पनि देव </span><span style="font-family: "times";">95. अव्यय – खर्च हुँदा पनि नघटने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">96. हरि – विष्णुस्वरूप </span><span style="font-family: "times";">97. पूषदन्तभित् – पूषा भन्ने दानवको दांत उखालेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">98. अव्यग्र – कहिलै पनि व्यथित नहुने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">99. दक्षाध्वरहर – दक्षको यज्ञ को नष्ट गरेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">100. हर – पापीहरु र त़पहरु दुवै गर्नेको उद्दार गर्ने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">101. भगनेत्रभिद् – भग देवता को आंखा फोडेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">102. अव्यक्त – इंद्रियहरुको अगाडि प्रकट नहुने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">103. सहस्राक्ष – अनन्त आँख भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">104. सहस्रपाद – अनन्त खुट्टा भएका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">105. अपवर्गप्रद – कैवल्य मोक्ष दिने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">106. अनंत – देशकालवस्तुरूपी परिछेदबाट पर रहेका </span><span style="font-family: "times";">107. तारक – सबैलाई तारिदिने </span><span style="font-family: "times";">108. परमेश्वर – सबै ईश्वरहरुको पनि ईश्वर</span><br />
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Pashupatinath is worshipped as Bhodhishatwa Awlokiteshwor (बोधिसत्व अवलोकितेश्वर) in Buddhism.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-81865864379153345922013-01-06T08:30:00.002-08:002023-06-21T11:24:24.160-07:00List of Indian Gotra<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">This is the list of surname and gotra mainly found in India. But due to the migration of Indian community during several centuries, you may find these surnames in many other countries.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">1. <b><u>Marwari (</u></b></span><b><u>मारवाडी) </u></b></span><b><u>/ Agrawal (</u></b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><u>अग्रवाल)</u></b></span><b><u> gotras</u> </b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">:-</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: black;"></span><br />
<span style="color: black;">Its a big ethnic group (usually) found in India. <span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Its is said that there are 18 Gotras of Agrawal community. These gotra are used as surname as well.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Airan/Aeron</b> : Munshi, Naasikwale, Nahdiya, Rai, Saha, Sahariya, Sethpuriya, Sonaka, Bajaj, Shah etc</span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Bansal</b> : <span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Bajaj, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Shah,</span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Jaalan, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">JhunJhunuwala, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Kejdiwal, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Sisodiya</span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Chaudhary,</span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Modi, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Sahu</span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Ved, Vaid, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">etc.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Bindal or Vindal</b> : <span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Fatehpuriya, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Baagla, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Baarwale, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Bhimsariya, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Dhohtiwale, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Lodha etc</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Bhandal</b> : </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Dharan</b> or Deran : </span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Garg</b> or Gargeya : <span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Chaudhary, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Dalmia, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Sharan, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Sahu, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Bhagat etc</span></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Goyal</b>, Goel or Goenka : Bajaj, Seth, Bhagat etc.</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Goyan</b>, Gangal : </span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Jindal</b> : <span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Nagori, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Pipriwal, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Saraf, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Calcuttewale, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Jhuriya, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Pitti</span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Tapadiya, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Turkaswale, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Khemka etc</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Kansal</b> : <span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Adukiya, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Dosihala</span></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Kuchhal</b>, Kuchchal : </span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Madhukul</b>/Mudgal : </span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Mangal </b>: <span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Harlalka, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Kasera, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Modi, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Jajodiya, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Bairati, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Kandoi, Kanoi, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Khemka etc.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Mittal</b> : <span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Kasera, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Chandiwala, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Gotewale, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Jatiya, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Koyle Wale, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Shorawale, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Sahu, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Kandoi, Kanoi, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Ghiwale etc.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Nangal</b>/Nagal : </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Singhal</b>/Singla : <span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Singhania etc.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Tayal</b> : <span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Bhimrajka, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Karadwale, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Patalaiya, </span><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Tikamani</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">2. <u>Rajput Gotras</u> :- </span></b></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Bhardwaj</b> : Gaud, Solanki, Vaishya</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Chandarya</b>: Chandel</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Gautam</b>: Gautam, Sengar, Rathore, Kachwaha</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Kashyap</b> : Parihar, Dixit, Jhala, Rathore, Rashuvanshi</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Kaushik</b> : Kaushik</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Parasar</b> : Bisen</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Pundir</b>: Paulsatya</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Vatsa</b>: Chauhan, Chandel</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Vashishtha</b> : Parmar, Rashuvanshi</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><u>3. Bhatia Gotras</u> :-</span></b><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Parasar</b>: Gajaria, Panchlodia, Paleja, Gagla, Soni, Sofla, Jia, Mogia, Dhadha, Rika, Jigna, Kodhia, Radia, Kajaria, Sijiwali, Jalala, Malan, Dhewa, Dhiren, Jaiyati, Niya, Koa.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Sandalya</b> (Saranhs) : Dutia,Dhutia,Purecha,Porecha, Jab, Babla, Sukhdi, Dhawan, Vanda, Udeshi, Vadhhuch, Belai, Dhega, Kanthia.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Bhardwaj</b> : Haria, Padamshi, Media. Jiwa, Thula, Tambod, Lajavanta, Thakar, Bhuderia, Mota, Unegar, Sothia, Poda, Modia, Dhadhal, Devchandra, Asher.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Sudrvansh</b> : Sapat, Chachia, Nagra, Babla, Pramla. Potha, Poddhaga. Mathura</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Madhavadysavas</b> : Ved, Suraiya, Gokulgandhi, Nayagandhi, Panchal, Farasgandhi, Paregandhi, Jujargandhi, Prema, Bibal, Powar.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Devdas</b> : Ramaiya, Pawar, raja, Parajia, Gurugulab, Karatari, Dhadher, Kukad.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Rushivansh</b> : Multani, Chamuja, Daiya, Karangota, Kajia</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>4. Marathi Surnames </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Popular:- Bhosale, Sindhe, Ambedkar,Deshmukh,Deshpande,</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"Kar":- </span><span style="color: #262626;">Penkar, Panvelkar, Goregaonkar, Koregaonkar, Punekar, Nagpurkar, Satarkar, Walse-Patil, Patankar, Jodhpurkar, Bangalorkar, Mangalorkar, Indorekar, Holkar, Laturkar</span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626;">Lovekar, Dagadkher, Purkar, Dafalapurkar, Sutar, Kirloskar, Mali, Raikar, Kale, Gore, Pendharkar, Dalvi, Nimbalkar, Lokhande, Mankani</span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626;">"e":- Gargote,</span><span style="color: #262626;">Kukade, Khobragade,</span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "q_serif" , "georgia" , "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Darode,Labaad, Sapre</span><span style="color: #262626;">,</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><u>4. </u></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><u>Mohyal (Hussaini Brahmins) Gotras</u>:-</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Parashar : </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bali</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Kaushal : </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bhimwal</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bhrigu : </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Chhibber/Chibber</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bharadwaja : </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Datt</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Vasishtha : </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Lau</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Kashyap : </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Mohan</span></div>
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Dhanvantri : Vaid</div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bharadwaja : </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Vaid</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><u><b>5. Kasmiri Pundit Gotras</b></u>:-</span></div>
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Kasmiri brahmins have 199 gotras. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><a href="http://koausa.org/names/gotras.html" target="_blank">Click here </a>for the detailed list.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span>
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><b><u>6. Gujjar Gotras</u></b>:-</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Gurjar or Gujjar is a very large ethnic group with populations in India and Pakistan. </span>Hindu Gujjars usually belong to the kshatriya varna, but some communities are classified as Brahmin as well. Gurjars are divided in about 84 main gotras and more than 1000 offshoots.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Some Gujjar gotras/ clans.;-</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ambawata, Alpial, Adhana, Aheer/Ahir, Ajar/Bakarwal, Akshawat, Awana, Amrana, Amni, Acchvan, Auwaal, Alkari, Atala, Ambak, Ambawata, Agnikul, Aswaal, Andarwar, Aahaar, Almeecha, Andoh, Aftali, Andana, Athwaar, Atkia, Aswaar, Asya, Ahmana, Agchal, Atlana, Ahiwaal, Anjana, Amolia, Anolehra, Anta, Aana, Anandma, Ayeri, Asaria, Antu, Awaar, Amta, Amarwaal, Athwaal, Atrusi, Awanti, Aheewaal, Arwaal, Amir</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Basoya/Baisoya/Besoya, Bidhuri, Bokra/Bokan, Bajarh/Bajjar, Badaankhail/Badaanzai, Baisla, Bharwal, Bhadana, Bhati, Banth, Bhamla, Bose, Barkat, Bagri, Bhatia, Banian, Basista/Bosatta, Bhalot, Bhatria, Beeten, Bhanbar, Bhasi, Bhunchh or Bhoonchh, Baharwaal, Barah, Babra, Bajran, Bokkan, Bhadak, Bhaleser, Badiyawal, Bhoken, Bajaar, Baanth, Bania (kashmir), Batt, Batar, Bala, Baisoya, Balasia, Baalsi, Baarsi, Beli, Bakkhan, Bagwar, Baswaal, Bawaar, Baddi, Banslay, Bensla, Bathoya, Baghela, Baaru, Bud Gujjar, Bar Gujjar, Barhela, Bokar, Baghaar, Babar (clan), Barbara, Baankar, Baharoj, Baanja, Balot, Behlot, Belu, Berpu, Bela, Bargu, Bandra, Bhanbla, Bhemala, Bhatia, Bhati, Bhargar, Bhosan, Bosan, Bhent, Bhulesar, Bhaarvi, Bhargot, Bhmaber (Bhamra), Bhadana, Bharoya, Bhaaru, Baaru, Bhoya, Bhumbla ( Punjab ), Bettan, Barraich, Bawla, Birana, Brora</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Chhawari, Chaprana, Chaudhri, Chechi, Chandna (Chandila), Chaneja, Chhokar/Chokker/Chhoker, Chandela, Chaudhary/Choudhry/Choudhery, Chouhan, Chawda/Gujar Chapa, Chavhan, Chaman, Channanay, Chanchi, Charlay, Chohlay, Chhali, Chobra, Chanair, Chetrana, Chandar, Chandor, Chalor, Chalotia, Chalok, Chandel, Charan, Chavinda, Chodda, Chahadri, Chaap, Chanpay, Chora, Chandyala, Chohar, Chhawari, Chawara, Chhotkana, Chhaparwaal, Chhalay, Chhori, Chohan, Chappar, Chelarwal, Chhawla, Chandna</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Devdhar, Daliya, Dahia, Dedha, Dedhar, Dogay Choudary, Dor, Dahima or Koli, Dargas, Daurata, Dhonchak, Doi Chaudhry, Daak, Dok, Dock, Daunk or Dagar, Dhind, Dhinda, Dharawata, Diya, Deepe, Dape, Dawde, Dharandia, Dangi, Dhangar, Dewda, Dhama, Doyla, Doila, Dhaiya or Dhahiya</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ghorsi or Gorsi, Gaj, Gajgahi, Gaigi, Gurs, Garasia, Goras, Gori, Gamti, Gardi, Gasetay, Godwana, Gosi, Gidi, Gehlat, Gahlot, Gojarwaal, Goryagor, Gargar, Gotalwaal, Gorya, Gorewaha, Gojar, Gairr, Gairathi, Gohal, Gonchal, Gogla, Goushar, Gaalgal, Gaathela, Gaanghela, Garatia, Garoryar, Geda</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Gachalia, Godalia, Garla, Gochana, Gartal, Gari, Gopia, Goop, Gararr, Gola, Galeria, Gogi, Gangoh, Ghorey, Ghabela, Ghaakla, Gill, Garahwaal, Gaharwal, Gorhaal, Gehsan, Ghararr, Ghanda, Ghaghla, Gharya, Ghaagal, Garewaal, Gus, Gungal, Ghodarop, Gujjral</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Harsana, Hun, Hakla, Hakum, Hathwal, Harshal</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Jabarhera, Jangee, Jindar, Jat, Jatal, Jatu, Jagal, Jangal, Jangada, Jabli, Jatla</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kaangar, Karhana, Kalas, Kalsiyan, Khari, Kapasiya, Kasana, kansana, Kaira, kiani, Khatana, Kheela, Khokhar, Khepar, Kulyana, Kundwana, Karahna, Kanwar, kukaswal/kugaswal, Kataria, Karoly, Kohli/Koli (Dayama), Kaura, Khaila, Kangas, Kharol, Kalsaan, Kharra, kethwal, Kathwal (Birote)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Leva Gujar, Lohia (Lohmod), Lomwar, Lakra, Ligree, Laadi, Lohmor, Lumbar</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Mirwani, Meelu, Mehlu or Mahil, Malkana, Mehar, Meed, Moheelu, Maitrak, Miyana, Mothsar</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Motla(also called Mudail), Mahrane, Malik, Maal, Mashkie, Munan, Muppets, Mavi (Mawai), Mokati, Mana, Mundal</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nekadi, Nalia, Nitad, Noon/Nooniara, Nagar/Nagadi/Nagra</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Parihar, Peelbaar, Padana, Pamad, Paud, Phagna, Poswal, Posdaal, Paswal/Pasval, Poraswal, <b>Patel</b>, <b>Patil</b>, Panwar, <b>Pawar</b>, Pawad, Panhwar, Puar, <b>Parmar</b>, Payale, Phambra, Phoolra, Punblay, Puswadia, Pundir, Pakhala</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Raghav (Badgujar Clan)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sangu, Sasodi, Sehar, Shukkal, Shukracharya, Sirandhna, Saradhana, Siroh, Sisodia, Suthan, Sooderpuriay, Suddhan, Shahwla, Sahumajra, sur, Sial (tribe), Sood</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Tank, Tonk, Tang, Taak, Teli, Toor, Theckari, Thekaria, Thakari, Thakore, Tongar, Tanvar, Tanwar, Tomar or Tuar, Toor, Tedwa</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Vaghela, Vadher, Vania, Visgorus, Virana, Vihun, Vokkan, Virdee/Virdi, Vidhuri</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">yadav (rajasthanis)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">See Also:-</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.92px; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/01/list-of-gotra-and-thari_5.html" target="_blank">List of Gotra and Thari</a></span></span><br />
<a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/06/exceptions-and-controversies-in-gotra_21.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Exception in Gotra System</span></a></div>
Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-9821574837958131512013-01-05T22:47:00.009-08:002021-11-12T09:14:06.656-08:00List of Nepali Ukhan Tukka Proverbs<p> List of Nepali <span class="il">ukhan</span>, <span class="il">tukkas</span>, proverbs, sayings, etc.</p><div class="h7" role="listitem" style="background-color: white; clear: both; max-width: 100000px; outline: none; padding-bottom: 0px;" tabindex="-1"><div class="Bk" style="border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-radius: 0px; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 0px; float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; position: relative; width: 873px;"><div class="G3 G2" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 0px rgba(100, 121, 143, 0.12); border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-radius: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div id=":d9"><div class="adn ads" data-legacy-message-id="16c2b3208b2bb99a" data-message-id="#msg-a:r1158508200479955755" style="border-left: none; display: flex; padding: 0px;"><div class="gs" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; width: 801px;"><div class="ii gt" id=":dc" style="direction: ltr; margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><div class="a3s aiL" id=":db" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 1.5; overflow: hidden;"><span><a name='more'></a></span><div dir="ltr"><p style="margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">A</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">आफु भलो त जगत भलो</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Aafu bhalo ta jagat bhalo</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">आफै त महादेव उत्तानो टांग कसले देला बर</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Affai ta Mahadev, uttano tang, kasle dela bar</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">अगुल्टो ले हानेको कुकुर बिजुली चम्किदा तर्सिन्छ</p><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Agulto le haneko kukur; bijuli chamkida tarsincha</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">अल्छी तिग्रो स्वादे जिब्रो </p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Alchhi Tigro, Swaade Jibro</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">अर्काको आङ् को जुम्रा देख्ने, आफ्नो आङ् को भैंसी नदेख्ने </p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Aarka ko jiu ko jumra dekhne; aafno jiu ko bhaisi pani nadekhne</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">अर्का ले घोडा चड्यो भन्दैमा आफुले धुरी चड्नु हुँदैन</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Arka le ghoda chadyo bhandai ma aafu dhuri chdnu hudaina</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">अर्थ न बर्थ गोविन्द गाई </p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Artha Na Bartha Govinda Gai</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">आमा भन्दा छोरी जान्ने खुकुरी भन्दा कर्द लाग्ने</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Ama bhanda chori janne: khukuri bhanda kardha lagne</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">आकाश को फल आँखा तरी मर </p></div><p style="margin: 0px;">Aakash ko phal, aankha tari mar</p><div><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">B</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">बाँदरको पुच्छर लौरो न हतियार</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Bandar ko puchchhar lauro na hatiyar</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">बाँदर को हातमा नरिवल</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Baandar ko hath ma nariwal</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">बाह्रवर्षमा पोई आको, मै मोरीलाई ज्वरो आको</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Baahun le chyau khawos, na chyauko swad pawos</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><div><p style="margin: 0px;">बाह्र छोरा तेह्र नाति, बुढा को धोक्रो कांधै माथि</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Barah chora; teera naati; budha ko dhokro kandhai mathi</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">बाह्र बर्ष रामायण पढायो सीता कास्की जोइ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Baar barsa ramayan padhayo; sita kaski joi ?</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">बाटो न घाटो दौडिन्छ लाटो</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Baato na ghaato; daudincha lato</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">बाटोमा भेटेको मादल जसले पनि बजाउँछ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Batoma bheteko madal jasle pani bajauchha</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">बाख्रा को पुच्छर खाए जस्तो</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Baakhraa ko puchchar khaeko jasto</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">बोका को मुख मा कुभिन्डो</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Boka ko mukh ma kubindo</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">बैंस मा स्याल पनि घोर्ले हुन्छ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Baisa ma syaal pani ghorlee huncha</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">बोल्ने को पिठो बिक्छ, नबोल्नेको चामल पनि बिक्दैन</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Bolne ko pitho bikcha, nabolnee ko chamal pani ni bikdaina</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">बुझ्ने लै श्रीखण्ड , नबुझ्ने लै खुर्पा को बिंड</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Bujne lai Shrikhanda, Nabujne lai khurpa ko bid</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">C</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p></div></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">छेपारो को कथा जस्तो</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Cheparoo ko katha jasto</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">छोरी कुटी बुहारी तर्साउने</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Chhori kuti; buhari tarsaune</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">छोरो पाउनु कैले कैले कोक्रो बुन्ने ऐले</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Choro paune kaile kaile, kokro bunne aile</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">चोक्टा खान गएकी बुडी झोल मा डुबेर मरी</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Chokta khaana gayeki budhi jhol ma dubera mari</p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">D</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p></div><p style="margin: 0px;">दुइ जोइको पोइ, कुना पसी रोइ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Dui Joiko Poi, Kunaa pasi roi</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">दुध उम्ले अँगेनोमा, छोरी उम्ले खाल्डोमा</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Dudh umle angenoma, chhori umle khaldoma</p><div><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>G</b></span></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">घाँटी हेरी हाड निल्नु</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Ghati heri haad nilnu</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">घरको बाघ, बनको स्याल</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Ghar ko baagh, baahira ko syaal</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">घ्यु न तेल पका बुडी सेल</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Ghyu Na Tel Paka Budi Sel</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">गुन्द्रुक पकाउनु पर्दैन, साली फकाउनु पर्दैन</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Gurdruk Pakaunu Pardaina, Saali Phakaunu Pardaina</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p></div><div><div><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>H</b></span></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">हुने बिरुवाको चिल्लो पात</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Hune biruwako chillo paat</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">हिंग नभए पनि हिंग बाँधेको टालो छ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Hing Nabhaye Pani Hing Bandheko Taalo chha</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">हिस्स बुडी, खिस्स दांत</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Hissa Budi, Khissa Daant</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">हलुवा मा बालुवा</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Haluwa ma baluwa</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">हिउँ खपेको मकै सप्रिन्छ, पीर खपेको मान्छे सप्रिन्छ </p><p style="margin: 0px;">Hiu khapeko makai saprinchha, pir khapeko manchhe saprinchha</p><div><br /></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p></div></div></div><p style="margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">J</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">जो चोर उसको ठूलो स्वर</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Jo chor, usaiko thulo swor</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">जेठी बुढीको राम्रो कुरा तितो - कान्छीको चाहिँ झटारो नै मिठो</p><p style="margin: 0px;">jeshi budhiko ramro kura tito, kanchhi budiko jhataro nai mitho</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">Jasle maha kaadchha usle haat chatchha</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Jun jogi ayeni kaan nai chireko</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Jun Goruko sing chaina, uskai nam Tikhe</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Jo chor uskai danko thulo swor</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">Jaat falnu gahat ko jholma</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">K</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">काने गोरुलाई औंसी न पूर्णे</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Kane Gorulai Aunshi Na Purne</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><div><p style="margin: 0px;">काम कुरो एकातिर कुम्लो बोकी ठिमीतिर</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Kaam Kuro Ekatita Kumlo Boki Thimi Tira</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">के खोज्छस् कानो आँखो</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Ke Khojchhas Kano Aankho</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">खाई न पाई छालाको टोपि लगाई</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Khai Na Paii Chhalako Topi Lai</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">केटाकेटी आए गुलेली खेलाए मट्यङ्ग्राको सत्यानास्</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Ketaketi aaye, Guleli Khelaye, Matyangrako Satyanaas</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">Kashi jane; Kuti ko baato</span></p><div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Kukur ko puchchar barah barsha dhungro ma rakheni; jasta ko testae</p></div><p style="margin: 0px;">Kaag ko phul chorne jasto batho</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Kina chauris marich; affnai piro le</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Kaag lai bel pakyo; harsh na bismat</p><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Kukur lai gheu pachena</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Khane Mukh Lai Junga Le Chhek Daina</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Keti rojhda sano rojhnu, Jutta rojhda thulo rojhnu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">kaam garne hanuman, pagari guthne dhedu</p><div><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p></div><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>L</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;">लाह्सा मा सुन छ, कान मेरो बुच्चै</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Lhasama Sun Chha, Mero Kaan Buchchai</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">M</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">मुखमा राम राम, बगली मा छुरा </p></div></div></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Mukha ma ram ram, bagali ma chura</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">म ताक्छु मुड़ो बन्चरो ताक्छ घुडो</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Ma takchhu mudo, bancharo takchha ghundo</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><div><p style="margin: 0px;">मुखभरि दारी बुद्धि डाडापारि </p></div><p style="margin: 0px;">mukhbhari daari, buddi dadapari</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>N</b></span></p></div><p style="margin: 0px;">नपाउनेले के पायो काक्रोलाई चियामा चोबेर खायो </p><p style="margin: 0px;">Napaunue le Ke payo, Kakrolai chiyama chobera khayo</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><div><p style="margin: 0px;">नाच्न जान्दैन आँगन टेढो</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Nachna Jandaina Aangan Tedho</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Nani bhanda aachi thulo</p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Najaane Gauko Baatai Nasodhnu</p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Na khau bhane din vary ko sikar, khau bhane Kancha bau ko anuhar</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Nepal gaye, kapal sangai - Barma gaye, karma sangai</p></div><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">Naya jogi, dherai chandan ghaschhan</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">O</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">ओरालो लागेको मृगलाई कुकुरले पनि खेद्छ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Oralo lageko mirga lai, kukur le pani khedchha</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">P</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">पैसा न कौडी बजार बजार दौडी</p><p style="margin: 0px;">paisa na kaudi, bazar bazar daudi</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">R</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">रात रहे अग्राख पलाउछ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Raat rahe agrakh palauchha</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">राजाको काम चारैतिर बदनाम</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Raaja ko kaam, kaile jaala gham</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">रातभरी करायो दक्षिणा हरायो</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Raat bhari karayo dachina harayo</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b style="font-size: x-large;">S</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">सीतैंमा पाये मट्टीतेल खाने</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Sittai ma paye mattitel khane</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">सासु मरिन बहु ब्यायिन, तीन को तीन नै।</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Saasu marin, bahu byain, teen ko teenai</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">शिब जीको तेश्रो नेत्र जस्तो</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Shivaji ko tesro netra jasto</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">साँप लाइ दुध खुवाउनु</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Sap lai dudha na khuwaonu</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">साउनमा आँखा फुटेको गोरुले सँधै हरियो देख्छ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Saoon ma ankha futya Goru le sadhaei hariyo dekhcha</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">समय बलवान त गधा पहलवान</p><p style="margin: 0px;">samaya balwaan ta gadha pahalwaan</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">संगत गुनको फल</p><p style="margin: 0px;">sangat guna ko fal.</p><div><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">T</span></b></p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">तित्राको मुखै बैरी</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Tirta ko mukhai bairi</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">तरुनी हुँदा सयवटा पोई,मर्ने बेला कोइ न कोइ ।</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Taruni hunda sayawota poi, marne belama koi na koi</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">V</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">भाग्य मा छ भन्दैमा डोकोमा दुध अडिदैन</p></div><div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Vagya ma cha bhandi ma, doko ma dudh rahadaina</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="margin: 0px;">भाग्यमानीको भुतै कमारो</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Vagyamaani ko, bhutaie kamaro</p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p></div></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p></div><p style="margin: 0px;">------------------------------<wbr></wbr>------------------------------<wbr></wbr>------------</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b>Offensive Proverbs *<span style="color: #cc0000;">ALERT</span>*</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><br /></p><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Artha Na Bartha Govinda Gai, naito ma laune ausadhi chaakma laai</p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Andho ko des ma kano Raja</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Amilo jarda ko dheri nigar, kali keti ko dheri singar.</p><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Abaghi hagna basyo, barah haatko kaath pasyo</p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Bujhne lai Shrikhanda, Ali Ali Bujhnelai Khurpa Bid, Tyati'ni Nabujhnelai Sungurko Lid..</p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Baandar batho bhayo bhane geda chyapchha</p><div style="font-family: times; margin: 0px;"><p style="margin: 0px;">Baun bigryo lobhle, newar bigryo bhojle, rana bigryo mojle </p></div><div style="font-family: times; margin: 0px;"><p style="margin: 0px;">Bahun ko tuppi antena na areal</p></div><p style="margin: 0px;">Gaira ko ghar lai paira ko dar; danda ko ghar lai la** dar</p><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Handi ma kanika rahungel, raandi lai nindra lagdaina</p><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Jaha guliyo, tyaha bahun bhuliyo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Jo aguwa, uhi baato haguwa</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222;">Jaisiki Chhori Rand, Baidhka Gala Gand</span></p></div></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Ki ta laamla sunko bala, ki ta jala pu** ko chhala</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Kaam Paayenas Buhari Paadaako kundo kanya</p></div><div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Limbuko buddi ghundama</p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Laalmayako ta pattai chhaina, khasre kaamiko khaskhas</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Naya naya behuli bhai doli chadi hagna gaie</p></div></div><p style="margin: 0px;">Punji na sunjhi, chamkinchha mu**</p></div></div><p style="margin: 0px;">Raandi lai lanchhu nabhannu, garib lai dinchhu nabhannu</p><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Raandi ko gharma poiko ke khancho</p><div style="font-family: times; margin: 0px;"><p style="margin: 0px;">Sabai kukur kasi gaye gu ke le khala</p></div></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Thutuno ra mutuno jogayera rakhnu</p></div><div><p style="margin: 0px;">Tyasai ta buhari, ajhai bhatmas khaki</p></div><p style="margin: 0px;">Ti yug gaye, yi yug aaye, mwai khane thauma bhutla palaye</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>Milanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11569819549234735858noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-53386569561841708472013-01-05T10:45:00.011-08:002023-05-18T11:28:32.920-07:00 List of Gotra and Thari<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">Gotra is the clan system. Generally, it's the group of people of several generations who are the descendants of an unbroken male line from a common male ancestor. </span><br />
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<span style="color: black;">At birth, children get gotra from their father. But a girl gets transfer to her husband's gotra after her marriage. We can also see some rare examples of people changing their gotra doing some rituals. It is said that the great king of Nepal Prithibhi Narayan Shah(1723-75) went to Banaras, India, and changed his Gotra from 'Bharadwaj' to 'Kasyap' to remain free from the sin of ‘Gotra Hatya’(killing of own clan) during the unification of Nepal.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black;">It is said that there are the main 8 gotras evolved from the Rishis (sages) who were mind-born sons of Bramha, one of the Hindu Trinity. They are Saptarishis (</span>सप्तऋषि, the famous 7 sages) - Kashyapa, Atri, Vashista, Vishwamitra, Gautama, Jamadagni, Bharadvaja, and the 8th is Agastya [1][2]. There are 49 established Hindu gotras today[3] all of which are themselves or evolved from those earlier eight gotras. Some sources say that there are 284 has surnames today.</div>
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<span style="color: black;">Sagotri (</span>सगोत्री) are the people having the same gotra. Like other Hindu communities, in Nepal too, marriage with sagotri is socially unacceptable. But, as education, awareness, and desire to reform the system increases, today we can also see many cases of marrying with sagotri fighting with the society. But there is always a debate whether marrying with sagotri is good or bad not only on a traditional basis but also on a scientific basis.<br />
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<u>List of Some popular gotras and Nepali surnames belonging to it:-</u></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Agasti (</b></span><b>अगस्ती) </b>: Dhungel<br />
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<b>Angira (</b></span><b>अंगिरा) </b>: Joshi, Sedai, Saunak, Shahi<br />
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<b>Atri (</b></span><b>अत्रि) </b>: Adhikari, Arjel/Arjyal, Bam (Raakse Thakuri), Bhatta (Pashupat), Chapagai, Gotame, Khatiwoda, Mishra, Ojha, Wosti<br /><br />
<span style="color: black;"><b>Aatreya (</b></span><b>आत्रेय) </b>: Aryal, Bhatta (Duwadi), Devkota, Dawadi, Dulal, Kalikote (Khadka), Paudel, Pokharel (Pani), Rosyara, Sharma, Sigdel, Thapa (Bagale)<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Bharadwaaj (</b></span><b>भरद्वाज) </b>: Adhikari, Bhatta (Palyal), Chaulagai, Devkota, Jamarkattel, Lohani, Niraula, Panthi, Pandey (Kuleta), Panta, Pokharel (Dudh), Rawat, Shahi, Siwakoti / Shiwakoti, Subedi, Thami (Adhikari), Thapaliya, Upadhaya, Wagle, [Bhandari (Niraula, Suntakhane)]<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Dhananjaya (</b></span><b>धनञ्जय) </b>: Basel/ Batsayal, Basnet, Bhusal, Budhathoki (Khulal), Dhamala, Gauripitri/ Gairipippli, Guragai, Humagai, Karki (Khulal), Khadka (Khulal), Kukurkote, Kunwar, Pangeni, Rijal, Thapa, [Bhandari (Bhusal)]<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Garg (</b></span><b>गर्ग)</b><span style="color: black;"><b> </b>: Bastola, </span>Bhatta (Lamichhane), Bhetuwal, Bhurtel, Chudal, Gajurel, Khetan, Thapa (Lamichhane), Rokaha, Rishal, Shah (Kaskeli Khand)<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Gautam (</b></span><b>गौतम)</b><span style="color: black;"><b> </b>: Chanda, Bam (Thakuri), Dangal, Mahat, </span>Pandey (Paleu), Tripathi, Tiwari<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Ghrita Kaushik (</b></span><b>घृत कौशिक) </b> : Baral, Karki (Sutar), Khanal, Nepal, Pandit<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Kapil (</b></span><b>कपिल) </b>: Khati, Daani, Bohora</div>
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Kashyap (</b></span><b>कश्यप) </b>: Adhikari (Bhadare, Khilchine and Kaubali), Badaal, Bhatta (Kalauni, Mushyal), Bogati, Budhathoki (Sodari), Darji, Gadtaula, Gartaula, Ghimire, Hada, Kathayat, Kumal, Kumbhairana, Pade, Pandey (Badkhora, Badaal, Bhumihar, Simaaldiya), Rayamajhi, Shah (Thakuri), Sahi, Thapa (Godar), Tiwari<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Kaudinya (</b></span><b>कौण्डिन्य)</b><span style="color: black;"><b> </b>: Achraya, Baskota, </span>Bhandari (Kaala), <span style="color: black;">Gaagle, Joshi, Khadka, Kharel, Marashini, Neupane, Pakurel, Paneru, </span>Pathak, Parajuli, Sapkota, Satyal, Thapa (Bagale and Gamle), Trital<br />
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<b>Kausalya (कौसल्य) </b>: Pathak, Thami (Chhettri)<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Kausik (</b></span><b>कौशिक)</b><span style="color: black;"><b> </b>: Bam (Chhatyal Thakuri), Baniya, Bastakoti, Bhandari (Aachhami), Bidari, Dhital, Dhungana, Gaudel, Khadka, Khapatari (Khadka, Bistha, Budhathoki and Basnet), Lamichhane, Luitel, Majhi</span>, Pathak, Phuyal, Pudasaini, Raghubansi, Regmi, Rimal, Sanjel, Shahi (Sijapati), Tiwari, Thami<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Kundin (</b></span><b>कुण्डिन) </b>: Trital, Banjad/ Banjade</div>
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Mandabya (</b></span><b>माण्डव्य) </b>: Bajagai, Bajhai, Gyawali, Katuwal, Maskey, Panthi [Bhandari (Bajgain)]</div>
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Maudagalya (</b></span><b>मौद्गल्य) </b>: Belkadhi, Karki (Mudula), Koirala, Kuinkel, Rume, Simkhada, Timsina/ Timilsina, Upreti<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Parasar (</b></span><b>परासर) </b>: Dhimal (khas), Karki (Lama) , Kattel, Marhattha<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Ravi (</b></span><b>रवि) </b>: Shah (Kalyaal Thakuri)<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Sankhyayan (</b></span><b>सङ्ख्यायन)</b>: Pandey (Desh)<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Shandilya (</b></span><b>शाण्डिल्य)</b><span style="color: black;">: Kafle/ Kaphle</span>, Mahat, Pathak, Prasai, Tiwari<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Upamanyu (</b></span><b>उपमन्यु)</b>: Bartaula, Bhatta (Duwal), Dhakal, Mainali, Pathak<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Vishwamitra (</b></span><b>विश्वमित्र)</b>: Bhatta (Alina, Dumadi, Nirbansi, Rai, and Rayal)<br /><br />
<span style="color: black;"><b>Vatsa (</b></span><b>वत्स)</b>: Bhatta (Naagar), Dahal, Dayal, Kuwar, Kharaal, Lamsal, Rana, Rupakheti<br />
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<span style="color: black;"><b>Vashishta (</b></span><b>वशिष्ठ)</b><span style="color: black;">: Bhandari (Thansinghe), Bhatta (Tapleli), Bhattarai, Chalise, Dawadi, Gaire, Gamnage, Kharel, Mudabhari</span>, Pathak, Raut, Suyal (Garthi), Suyal (Thapa), Thangsine<div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;"></div></div>
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<b>Gotra of Dashnami Sanyasi:-</b><br />
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<b>Bhaveswa</b>: Puri, Saraswati, Bharati<br />
<b>Adhigata</b>: Tirtha, Ashram<br />
<b>Kashyap</b>: Ban, Aranya<br />
<b>Bhrigu </b>: Giri Parvat. Sagar<br />
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<b>See Also:-</b><br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2014/10/bahun-people.html" style="font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">Bahun</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">, </span><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2013/01/chhettri.html" style="font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">Chhettri</a>, <a href="https://www.karma99.com/2013/01/dashnami-sanyasi.html" target="_blank">Sanyasi</a></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://karma99.blogspot.com/2013/05/newar.html" target="_blank">Newar</a>, <a href="https://www.karma99.com/2014/10/list-of-janajati-surnames.html" target="_blank">Janjati</a>, </span><a href="http://karma99.blogspot.com/2013/05/dalit-in-nepal.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dalit</span></a></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.karma99.com/2014/06/list-of-indian-gotra.html" target="_blank">List of Indian Gotra</a></span></li>
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<b>Note:-</b><br />
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- To search any surname: press Ctrl+ F (⌘+ F in Mac) and type the surname<br />
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- If u don't find any surname or gotra in the list please ask in comment.<br />
We will update as soon as possible.<br />
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<b>Vedic References:-</b><br />
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1. (Bhagawatpuran: 08/13/0051,53)<br />
कश्यपोSत्रिवार्सिष्ठश्च विश्वामित्रोSथ गौतम:<br />
जमदग्निर्भरद्वाज इति सप्तर्षय: स्मृता: ।।<br />
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2. प्रवरमञ्जरीकार बोधायन |<br />
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विश्वामित्रो जमदग्निर्भरद्वाजोSथ गौतम:</div>
अत्रिवार्सिष्ठ: कश्यप इत्येते सप्तर्षय: ।।<br />
सप्तानामृषीणा मगस्त्याष्टमानं यदपत्यं तद्गोत्रम् |<br />
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3. गोत्र प्रवर काण्ड, गण<br />
*भृगु : वत्स, विद, आर्ष्टिषेण, यस्क, मित्रयु, वैन्य, शुनक<br />
*अङ्गिरा :<br />
गौतम- आयास्य, शरद्वान, कौमण्ड, दीर्घतमा, औशनस, करेणुपाल, वामदेव<br />
भरद्वाज - भारद्वाज, रौक्ष, गर्ग, कपि<br />
अङ्गिरस - हरित, कण्व, रथीतर, मुद्गल, विष्णुबृध्द <br />
*अत्रि: आत्रेय, वाद्भुतक, गविष्ठिर, मुद्गल<br />
*विश्वमित्र: कुशिक, रोहित, रौक्ष, कामकायन, अज, अघमर्षण, पूरन, इन्द्रकौशिक, धनञ्जय, कत<br />
*कश्यप: कश्यप, निध्रुव, रेभ, शाण्डिल<br />
*वसिस्ठ : वसिस्ठ, कुण्डिन, उपमन्यु, परासर<br />
*अगस्त्य: इध्मवाह, साम्भवाह, सोमवाह, यज्ञवाह<br />
(नेपाली थर-गोत्र-प्रवर कोश : श्रीहरी रुपाखेती)<br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><div></div></div>
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<b>Exceptions in the Gotra System</b><br />
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<b>1. What gotra do westerners belong?</b></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">The Gotra system is popular in the Hindu community. Over 85% of the world's population do not believe in Hinduism. According to Hindu belief, the world is created by Bramha and all people of the earth belong to the clan of any one of the mind-born sons of Bramha leading the gotra. Then what gotra do other people belong?</div>
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There are some factual solutions for this. Vishnu is the all-pervading spirit of the Universe and rests in the heart of all beings. Vishnu belongs to all Gotras. So we can refer anybody who doesn't know gotra can be referred to "Vishnu gotra".</div>
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There is another view too. Maharishi Kashyap is considered the father of the Devs, Asurs, Nags, and all human beings. So, since he’s the father of all people, if somebody doesn't know their gotra they can use "Kashyap gotra" as well.</div>
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<b>2. When a girl gets divorced, what gotra she belong?</b></div>
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When a girl born she belongs to her father's gotra. When she gets married she is ritually transferred to her husband's gotra. But when the girl gets divorced they usually divorce on social or legal terms. There is no any Hindu ritual special for divorce. So which gotra the girl belong after divorce, husband's gotra or father's gotra.</div>
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The solution is, though divorce is not done on the ritual terms, after the divorce, the girl has no right and obligation to her husband. She even doesn't wear Sindoor or Pote or Mangalsutra which is a sign of having a husband in Hindu culture. She doesn't use the surname of her husband. So the girl goes back to her father's gotra after the divorce.</div>
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<b>3. Is it ok to marry a person from the same gotra?</b></div>
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This is one of the prime debates in the Hindu community. In almost all communities and religions it's unacceptable to merry your own family members or somebody your related to by blood. The same gotra technically means people having the same ancestors. So the answer absolutely depends on how you define gotra and family.</div>
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On legal terms in Nepal, it's ok to marry anybody who does not belong to your family up to 7 generations AND who is at least 18 years old. So if anybody qualifies on these two basic requirements you can merry them even if you belong to the same gotra.</div>
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On the other hand, on social perception, it will still be considered unethical.</div>
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As per scientific perception, if the gotra is perfectly-identified and people belong to the exact same gotra that they claim for, the babies born from the pair of different gotra have more chance to be healthier than that of the same gotra.<br />
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Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com422tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3716909054148410488.post-25268810497392314902013-01-05T09:00:00.004-08:002021-03-24T20:10:48.400-07:00Download/ blog source<div>
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